article Open AccessTop 1% cited

Global, regional and national sodium intakes in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis of 24 h urinary sodium excretion and dietary surveys worldwide

BMJ Open · 2013 · Vol. 3(12) · pp. e003733–e003733

John Powles✉Saman FahimiRenata Micha(Agricultural University of Athens)Shahab Khatibzadeh(Harvard University)Peilin Shi(Harvard University)Majid Ezzati(Imperial College London)Rebecca E Engell(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Stephen S Lim(University of Washington)Goodarz Danaei(Harvard Global Health Institute)Dariush Mozaffarian(Harvard University)on behalf of the Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE)

View via DOI Full-text PDF

Abstract

Sodium intakes exceed the recommended levels in almost all countries with small differences by age and sex. Virtually all populations would benefit from sodium reduction, supported by enhanced surveillance.

Sodium Intake and Health Nutritional Studies and Diet Obesity, Physical Activity, DietMedicineConfidence intervalSodiumDemographyUrineEnvironmental healthNational Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyAnimal scienceInternal medicinePopulation

Funding

United States Agency for International Development
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Brown University
American University of Beirut
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
King's College London
University of Aberdeen
Indian Council of Medical Research
University of Queensland
Ministerio de Salud de la Nación
Gazi Üniversitesi
Korea Health Industry Development Institute
Mahidol University
Universiteit Gent
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Universidad de Antioquia
Hacettepe Üniversitesi
Universidade de São Paulo
Tallinna Tehnikaülikool
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève
National Research University Higher School of Economics
National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute
Harokopio University
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia
Helsedirektoratet
Universitas Andalas
Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos
Hellenic Health Foundation
Robert Koch Institut
National Institutes of Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Gillings School of Public Health
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Medical Research Council
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill