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GW190412: Observation of a binary-black-hole coalescence with asymmetric masses

Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · 2020 · Vol. 102(4)

R. Abbott✉(California Institute of Technology)T. D. Abbott(Louisiana State University)S. Abraham(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)F. Acernese(University of Salerno)K. Ackley(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)C. Adams(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)R. X. Adhikari(California Institute of Technology)V. B. Adya(Australian National University)C. Affeldt(Leibniz University Hannover)M. Agathos(University of Cambridge)K. Agatsuma(University of Birmingham)N. Aggarwal(Northwestern University)O. D. Aguiar(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais)A. Aich(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)L. Aiello(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)A. Ain(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)P. Ajith(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)Sarp Akçay(Friedrich Schiller University Jena)B. Allen(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)A. Allocca(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa)P. A. Altin(Australian National University)A. Amato(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)Shreya Anand(California Institute of Technology)A. Ananyeva(California Institute of Technology)S. B. Anderson(California Institute of Technology)W. G. Anderson(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)S. V. Angelova(University of Strathclyde)S. Ansoldi(University of Udine)S. Antier(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)S. Appert(California Institute of Technology)K. Arai(California Institute of Technology)M. C. Araya(California Institute of Technology)J. S. Areeda(California State University, Fullerton)M. Arène(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)N. Arnaud(Université Paris-Sud)S.M Aronson(University of Florida)K. G. Arun(Chennai Mathematical Institute)Y. Asali(Columbia University)S. Ascenzi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata)G. Ashton(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)Stuart Aston(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)P. Astone(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)F. Aubin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)P. Aufmuth(Leibniz University Hannover)K. AultONeal(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)C. Austin(Louisiana State University)V. Avendano(Montclair State University)S. Babak(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)P. Bacon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)F. Badaracco(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)M. K. M. Bader(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)S. Bae(Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information)A. M. Baer(Christopher Newport University)J. Baird(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)F. Baldaccini(University of Perugia)G. Ballardin(European Gravitational Observatory)S. W. Ballmer(Syracuse University)A. Bals(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)A. Balsamo(Christopher Newport University)G. Baltus(University of Liège)S. Banagiri(University of Minnesota)D. Bankar(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)R. S. Bankar(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)J. C. Barayoga(California Institute of Technology)C. Barbieri(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca)B. C. Barish(California Institute of Technology)D. BarkerK. Barkett(California Institute of Technology)P. Barneo(Universitat de Barcelona)F. Barone(University of Salerno)B. Barr(University of Glasgow)L. Barsotti(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)M. Barsuglia(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)D. Barta(Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics)J. BartlettI. Bartos(University of Florida)R. Bassiri(Stanford University)I. Bartos(University of Pisa)M. Bawaj(Università di Camerino)J. C. Bayley(University of Glasgow)M. Bazzan(University of Padua)B. Bécsy(Montana State University)M. Bejger(Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center)I. Belahcene(Université Paris-Sud)A. S. Bell(University of Glasgow)D. Beniwal(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)M. G. Benjamin(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)Robert Benkel(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)J. D. Bentley(University of Birmingham)J. D. Bentley(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)B. K. Berger(Stanford University)G. Bergmann(Leibniz University Hannover)Sebastiano Bernuzzi(Friedrich Schiller University Jena)C. P. L. Berry(Northwestern University)D. Bersanetti(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova)A. Bertolini(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)J. Betzwieser(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)R. Bhandare(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)A. V. Bhandari(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)J. Bidler(California State University, Fullerton)E. Biggs(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)I. A. Bilenko(Lomonosov Moscow State University)G. Billingsley(California Institute of Technology)R. Birney(University of the West of Scotland)O. Birnholtz(Bar-Ilan University)S. Biscans(California Institute of Technology)M. Bischi(University of Urbino)S. Biscoveanu(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)A. Bisht(Leibniz University Hannover)G. Bissenbayeva(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)M. Bitossi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa)M. A. Bizouard(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)J. K. Blackburn(California Institute of Technology)Jonathan Blackman(California Institute of Technology)C. D. Blair(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)D. G. Blair(The University of Western Australia)R. M. BlairF. Bobba(University of Salerno)N. Bode(Leibniz University Hannover)M. Boër(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Y. Boetzel(University of Zurich)G. Bogaert(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)F. Bondu(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)E. Bonilla(Stanford University)R. Bonnand(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)P. Booker(Leibniz University Hannover)B. A. Boom(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)R. Bork(California Institute of Technology)V. Boschi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa)S. Bose(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)V. Bossilkov(The University of Western Australia)J. Bosveld(The University of Western Australia)Y. Bouffanais(University of Padua)A. Bozzi(European Gravitational Observatory)C. Bradaschia(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa)P. R. Brady(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)A. Bramley(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)M. Branchesi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)J. E. Brau(University of Oregon)M. Breschi(Friedrich Schiller University Jena)T. Briant(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)J. H. Briggs(University of Glasgow)Fabrizio Brighenti(University of Urbino)A. Brillet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Brinkmann(Leibniz University Hannover)Richard Brito(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)P. Brockill(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)A. F. Brooks(California Institute of Technology)J. Brooks(European Gravitational Observatory)D. D. Brown(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)S. Brunett(California Institute of Technology)G. Bruno(UCLouvain)R. Bruntz(Christopher Newport University)A. Buikema(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)T. Bulik(Astronomical Observatory)H. J. Bulten(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)A. Buonanno(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)D. Buskulic(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)R. L. Byer(Stanford University)M. Cabero(Leibniz University Hannover)L. Cadonati(Georgia Institute of Technology)G. Cagnoli(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)C. Cahillane(California Institute of Technology)J. Calderón Bustillo(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)J. D. Callaghan(University of Glasgow)T. A. Callister(California Institute of Technology)E. Calloni(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli)J. B. Camp(Goddard Space Flight Center)M. Canepa(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova)K. C. Cannon(The University of Tokyo)H. Cao(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)J. Cao(Tsinghua University)G. Carapella(University of Salerno)F. Carbognani(European Gravitational Observatory)S. Caride(Texas Tech University)M. F. Carney(Northwestern University)G. Carullo(University of Pisa)J. Casanueva Diaz(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa)C. Casentini(University of Rome Tor Vergata)J. Castañeda(Universitat de Barcelona)S. Caudill(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)M. Cavaglià(Missouri University of Science and Technology)F. Cavalier(Université Paris-Sud)R. Cavalieri(European Gravitational Observatory)G. Cella(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa)P. Cerdá–Durán(Universitat de València)E. Cesarini(Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi)O. Chaibi(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)K. Chakravarti(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)C. Chan(The University of Tokyo)M. Chan(University of Glasgow)S. Chao(National Tsing Hua University)P. Charlton(Charles Sturt University)E. A. Chase(Northwestern University)E. Chassande‐Mottin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Deep Chatterjee(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)M. Chaturvedi(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)K. Chatziioannou(Flatiron Health (United States))H. Y. Chen(University of Chicago)X. Chen(The University of Western Australia)Y. Chen(California Institute of Technology)H.-P. Cheng(University of Florida)C. K. Cheong(Chinese University of Hong Kong)H. Y. Chia(University of Florida)F. Chiadini(University of Salerno)R. Chierici(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)A. Chincarini(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova)A. Chiummo(European Gravitational Observatory)G. Cho(Seoul National University)H. S. Cho(Pusan National University)M. Cho(University of Maryland, College Park)N. Christensen(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Q. Chu(The University of Western Australia)S. Chua(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Y-K. Chu(Chinese University of Hong Kong)S. Chung(The University of Western Australia)G. Ciani(University of Padua)P. Ciecieląg(Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center)M. Cieślar(Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center)A. A. Ciobanu(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)R. Ciolfi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova)F. Cipriano(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)A. Cirone(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova)F. ClaraJ. A. Clark(Georgia Institute of Technology)P. Clearwater(The University of Melbourne)S. Clesse(UCLouvain)F. Cleva(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)E. Coccia(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)P.-F. Cohadon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)D. Cohen(Université Paris-Sud)M. Colleoni(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears)Christophe Collette(Université Libre de Bruxelles)Christopher J. Collins(University of Birmingham)M. Colpi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca)M. Constancio(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais)L. Conti(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova)S. J. Cooper(University of Birmingham)P. Corban(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)T. R. Corbitt(Louisiana State University)I. Cordero-Carrión(Universitat de València)S. Corezzi(University of Perugia)K. R. Corley(Columbia University)Neil J. Cornish(Montana State University)D. Corre(Université Paris-Sud)A. Corsi(Texas Tech University)S. Cortese(European Gravitational Observatory)C. A. Costa(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais)R. Cotesta(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)M. W. Coughlin(California Institute of Technology)S. B. Coughlin(Northwestern University)J.‐P. Coulon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)S. T. Countryman(Columbia University)P. Couvares(California Institute of Technology)P. B. Covas(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears)D. M. Coward(The University of Western Australia)M. J. Cowart(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)D. Coyne(California Institute of Technology)R. Coyne(University of Rhode Island)J. D. E. Creighton(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)J. D. E. Creighton(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)J. Cripe(Louisiana State University)M. Croquette(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)S. G. Crowder(Bellevue College)J. R. Cudell(University of Liège)T. J. Cullen(Louisiana State University)A. Cumming(University of Glasgow)R. Cummings(University of Glasgow)L. Cunningham(University of Glasgow)E. Cuoco(European Gravitational Observatory)M. Curyło(Astronomical Observatory)T. Dal Canton(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)G. Dálya(Eötvös Loránd University)Aykutlu Dâna(Stanford University)L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani(California State University System)B. D’Angelo(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova)S. L. Danilishin(Leibniz University Hannover)Salvatore D’Antonio(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata)K. Danzmann(Leibniz University Hannover)C. Darsow-Fromm(Universität Hamburg)Arnab Dasgupta(Institute for Plasma Research)L. E. H. Datrier(University of Glasgow)V. Dattilo(European Gravitational Observatory)I. Dave(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)M. Davier(Université Paris-Sud)G. S. Davies(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela)D. Davis(Syracuse University)E. J. Daw(University of Sheffield)D. DeBra(Stanford University)M. Deenadayalan(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)J. Degallaix(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)M. De Laurentis(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli)S. Deléglise(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Delfavero(Rochester Institute of Technology)N. De Lillo(University of Glasgow)W. Del Pozzo(University of Pisa)L. M. DeMarchi(Northwestern University)V. D’Emilio(Cardiff University)N. Demos(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)T. Dent(Universidade de Santiago de Compostela)R. De Pietri(University of Parma)R. De Rosa(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli)C. De Rossi(European Gravitational Observatory)R. DeSalvo(University of Sannio)R. DeSalvo(Leibniz University Hannover)S. Dhurandhar(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)M. C. Díaz(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)M. Diaz-Ortiz(University of Florida)Tim Dietrich(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)L. Di Fiore(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli)C. Di Fronzo(University of Birmingham)C. Di Giorgio(University of Salerno)F. Di Giovanni(Universitat de València)M. Di Giovanni(University of Trento)T. Di Girolamo(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli)A. Di Lieto(University of Pisa)B. Ding(Université Libre de Bruxelles)S. Di Pace(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)I. Di Palma(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)F. Di Renzo(University of Pisa)A. K. Divakarla(University of Florida)A. Dmitriev(University of Birmingham)Z. Doctor(University of Chicago)F. Donovan(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)K. L. Dooley(Cardiff University)S. Doravari(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)I. Dorrington(Cardiff University)T. P. Downes(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)M. Drago(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)Jennifer C DriggersZhihui Du(Tsinghua University)J.-G. Ducoin(Université Paris-Sud)P. Dupej(University of Glasgow)O. Durante(University of Salerno)D. D’Urso(University of Sassari)S. E. DwyerP. J. Easter(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)G. Eddolls(University of Glasgow)B. Edelman(University of Oregon)T. B. Edo(University of Sheffield)O. Edy(University of Portsmouth)A. Effler(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)P. Ehrens(California Institute of Technology)J. Eichholz(Australian National University)Stephen S. Eikenberry(University of Florida)M. Eisenmann(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)R. A. Eisenstein(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)A. Ejlli(Cardiff University)L. Errico(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli)R. C. Essick(University of Chicago)H. Estellés(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears)D. Estevez(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Z. B. Etienne(West Virginia University)T. Etzel(California Institute of Technology)M. Evans(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)T. M. Evans(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)B. E. Ewing(Pennsylvania State University)V. Fafone(University of Rome Tor Vergata)S. Fairhurst(Cardiff University)X. Fan(Tsinghua University)S. Farinon(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova)B. Farr(University of Oregon)W. M. Farr(Flatiron Health (United States))E. J. Fauchon-Jones(Cardiff University)M. Favata(Montclair State University)M. Fays(University of Sheffield)M. Fazio(Colorado State University)J. Feicht(California Institute of Technology)M. M. Fejer(Stanford University)Fan Feng(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)E. Fenyvesi(HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research)D. L. Ferguson(Georgia Institute of Technology)A. Fernandez-Galiana(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)I. Ferrante(University of Pisa)E. C. Ferreira(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais)T. A. Ferreira(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais)F. Fidecaro(University of Pisa)I. Fiori(European Gravitational Observatory)D. Fiorucci(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)M. Fishbach(University of Chicago)R. P. Fisher(Christopher Newport University)R. Fittipaldi(University of Salerno)M. Fitz-Axen(University of Minnesota)V. Fiumara(University of Basilicata)R. Flaminio(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)E. Floden(University of Minnesota)E. Flynn(California State University, Fullerton)H. Fong(The University of Tokyo)José A. Font(Universitat de València)P. W. F. Forsyth(Australian National University)J.-D. Fournier(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)S. Frasca(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)F. Frasconi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa)Z. Frei(Eötvös Loránd University)A. Freise(University of Birmingham)R. Frey(University of Oregon)R. Frey(Université Paris-Sud)P. Fritschel(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)V. V. Frolov(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)G. G. Fronzé(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino)P. Fulda(University of Florida)M. Fyffe(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)H. A. Gabbard(University of Glasgow)B. U. Gadre(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)S. M. Gaebel(University of Birmingham)Jonathan R. Gair(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)S. Galaudage(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)D. Ganapathy(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)A. Ganguly(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)S. G. Gaonkar(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)C. García-Quirós(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears)F. Garufi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli)B. GateleyS. Gaudio(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)V. Gayathri(Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)G. Gemme(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova)E. Genin(European Gravitational Observatory)A. Gennai(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa)D. George(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)J. George(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)L. Gergely(University of Szeged)S. Ghonge(Georgia Institute of Technology)Abhirup Ghosh(Leiden University)Archisman Ghosh(Leiden University)S. Ghosh(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)Bruno Giacomazzo(University of Trento)J. A. Giaime(Louisiana State University)K. D. Giardina(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)Des Gibson(University of the West of Scotland)C. Gier(University of Strathclyde)K. Gill(Columbia University)J. Glanzer(Louisiana State University)J. Gniesmer(Universität Hamburg)P. Godwin(Pennsylvania State University)E. Goetz(Louisiana State University)E. Goetz(University of Florida)N. Gohlke(Leibniz University Hannover)B. Goncharov(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)G. González(Louisiana State University)A. Gopakumar(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)S. E. Gossan(California Institute of Technology)M. Gosselin(University of Pisa)R. Gouaty(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)B. Grace(Australian National University)A. Grado(Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte)M. Granata(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)A. Grant(University of Glasgow)S. Gras(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)P. Grassia(California Institute of Technology)C. GrayR. Gray(University of Glasgow)G. Greco(University of Urbino)A. C. Green(University of Florida)R. Green(Cardiff University)E. M. Gretarsson(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)H. L. Griggs(Georgia Institute of Technology)G. Grignani(University of Perugia)A. Grimaldi(University of Trento)S. J. Grimm(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)H. Grote(Cardiff University)S. Grünewald(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)P. Grüning(Université Paris-Sud)G. M. Guidi(University of Urbino)A. R. Guimaraes(Louisiana State University)G. Guixé(Universitat de Barcelona)H. K. Gulati(Institute for Plasma Research)Y. Guo(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)A. Gupta(California Institute of Technology)Anchal Gupta(California Institute of Technology)Anchal Gupta(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)E. K. Gustafson(California Institute of Technology)R. Gustafson(University of Michigan)L. Haegel(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears)O. Halim(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)E. D. Hall(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)E. Z. Hamilton(Cardiff University)G. Hammond(University of Glasgow)M. Haney(University of Zurich)M. M. Hanke(Leibniz University Hannover)J. HanksC. Hanna(Pennsylvania State University)M. D. Hannam(Cardiff University)O. A. Hannuksela(Chinese University of Hong Kong)T. J. Hansen(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)J. Hanson(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)T. Harder(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)T. Hardwick(Louisiana State University)K. Haris(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)J. Harms(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)I. W. Harry(American University)I. W. Harry(University of Portsmouth)R. K. Hasskew(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)C.‐J. Haster(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)K. Haughian(University of Glasgow)F. J. Hayes(University of Glasgow)J. Healy(Rochester Institute of Technology)A. Heidmann(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. C. Heintze(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)J. Heinze(Leibniz University Hannover)H. Heitmann(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)F. Hellman(University of California System)P. Hello(Université Paris-Sud)H. Heitmann(European Gravitational Observatory)M. Hendry(University of Glasgow)I. S. Heng(University of Glasgow)E. Hennes(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)J. Hennig(Leibniz University Hannover)M. Heurs(Leibniz University Hannover)S. Hild(Maastricht University)Tanja Hinderer(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)S. Y. Hoback(California State University, Fullerton)S. Hochheim(Leibniz University Hannover)E. Hofgard(Stanford University)D. Hofman(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)A. M. Holgado(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)N. A. Holland(Australian National University)K. Holt(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)D. E. Holz(University of Chicago)Philip F. Hopkins(Cardiff University)C. Horst(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)J. Hough(University of Glasgow)E. J. Howell(The University of Western Australia)C. G. Hoy(Cardiff University)Y. Huang(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)M. T. Hübner(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)E. A. Huerta(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)D. Huet(Université Paris-Sud)B. Hughey(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)V. Hui(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)S. Husa(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears)S. H. Huttner(University of Glasgow)R. Huxford(Pennsylvania State University)T. Huynh–Dinh(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)B. Idźkowski(Astronomical Observatory)A. Iess(University of Rome Tor Vergata)H. Inchauspe(University of Florida)C. Ingram(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)G. Intini(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)J.-M. Isac(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Isi(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)B. R. Iyer(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)T. Jacqmin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)S. J. Jadhav(Research & Development Establishment (Engrs.))S. P. Jadhav(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)A. L. James(Cardiff University)K. Jani(Georgia Institute of Technology)N. N. Janthalur(Research & Development Establishment (Engrs.))P. Jaranowski(University of Białystok)Deep Jariwala(University of Florida)R. Jaume(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears)A. C. Jenkins(University of London)J. Jiang(University of Florida)G. R. Johns(Christopher Newport University)Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel(University of Cambridge)A. W. Jones(University of Birmingham)D. I. Jones(University of Southampton)J. D. JonesP. Jones(University of Birmingham)R. W. L. Jones(University of Glasgow)R. J. G. Jonker(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)L. Ju(The University of Western Australia)J. Junker(Leibniz University Hannover)C. V. Kalaghatgi(Cardiff University)V. Kalogera(Northwestern University)B. Kamai(California Institute of Technology)S. Kandhasamy(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)G. Kang(Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information)J. B. Kanner(California Institute of Technology)S. J. Kapadia(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)S. Karki(University of Oregon)Rahul Kashyap(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)M. Kasprzack(California Institute of Technology)W. Kastaun(Leibniz University Hannover)S. Katsanevas(European Gravitational Observatory)E. Katsavounidis(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)W. Katzman(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)S. Kaufer(Leibniz University Hannover)K. KawabeF. Kéfélian(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)D. Keitel(University of Portsmouth)A. Keivani(Columbia University)R. Kennedy(University of Sheffield)J. S. Key(University of Washington Bothell)S. Khadka(Stanford University)F. Y. Khalili(Lomonosov Moscow State University)I. Khan(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata)S. Khan(Leibniz University Hannover)Z. Khan(Tsinghua University)Е. А. Хазанов(Institute of Applied Physics)N. Khetan(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)M. Khursheed(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)N. Kijbunchoo(Australian National University)Chunglee Kim(Ewha Womans University)G. J. Kim(Georgia Institute of Technology)J. C. Kim(Inje University)K. Kim(Chinese University of Hong Kong)W. Kim(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)W. S. Kim(National Institute for Mathematical Sciences)Y.-M. Kim(Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)C. Kimball(Northwestern University)Peter KingM. Kinley-Hanlon(University of Glasgow)R. Kirchhoff(Leibniz University Hannover)J. S. KisselL. Kleybolte(Universität Hamburg)S. Klimenko(University of Florida)T. D. Knowles(West Virginia University)E. Knyazev(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)P. Koch(Leibniz University Hannover)S. M. Koehlenbeck(Leibniz University Hannover)G. Koekoek(Maastricht University)S. Koley(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)V. Kondrashov(California Institute of Technology)A. Kontos(Bard College)N. Koper(Leibniz University Hannover)M. Korobko(Universität Hamburg)W. Z. Korth(California Institute of Technology)M. Kovalam(The University of Western Australia)D. B. Kozak(California Institute of Technology)V. Kringel(Leibniz University Hannover)N. V. Krishnendu(Leibniz University Hannover)A. Królak(National Centre for Nuclear Research)N. Krupinski(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)G. Kuehn(Leibniz University Hannover)A. Kumar(Research & Development Establishment (Engrs.))P. Kumar(Cornell University)R. Kumar(Institute for Plasma Research)Rakesh Kumar(Institute for Plasma Research)S. Kumar(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)L. Kuo(National Tsing Hua University)A. Kutynia(National Centre for Nuclear Research)B. D. Lackey(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)D. Laghi(University of Pisa)É. Lalande(Polytechnique Montréal)T. L. Lam(Chinese University of Hong Kong)A. Lamberts(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. LandryB. B. Lane(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)R. N. Lang(Hillsdale College)J. Lange(Rochester Institute of Technology)B. Lantz(Stanford University)R. K. Lanza(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)I. La Rosa(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)A. Lartaux-Vollard(Université Paris-Sud)P. D. Lasky(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)M. Laxen(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)A. Lazzarini(California Institute of Technology)C. Lazzaro(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova)P. Leaci(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)S. Leavey(Leibniz University Hannover)Y. K. LecoeucheChang‐Hwan Lee(Pusan National University)Hyung Mok Lee(Inje University)H. W. Lee(Inje University)J. Lee(Seoul National University)K. Lee(Stanford University)J. Lehmann(Leibniz University Hannover)N. Leroy(Université Paris-Sud)N. Letendre(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Y. Levin(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)A. K. Y. Li(Chinese University of Hong Kong)Jun Li(Tsinghua University)K. Li(Chinese University of Hong Kong)T. G. F. Li(Chinese University of Hong Kong)X. Li(California Institute of Technology)F. Linde(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)S. D. Linker(California State University System)J. N. Linley(University of Glasgow)T. B. Littenberg(Marshall Space Flight Center)J. Liu(Leibniz University Hannover)X. Liu(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)M. Llorens-Monteagudo(Universitat de València)R. K. L. Lo(California Institute of Technology)A. Lockwood(University of Washington)L. T. London(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)A. Longo(Roma Tre University)M. Lorenzini(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)V. Loriette(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Lormand(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)G. Losurdo(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa)J. D. Lough(Leibniz University Hannover)C. O. Loustó(Rochester Institute of Technology)Geoffrey Lovelace(California State University, Fullerton)H. Lück(Leibniz University Hannover)D. Lumaca(University of Rome Tor Vergata)A. P. Lundgren(University of Portsmouth)Y. Ma(California Institute of Technology)R. Macas(Cardiff University)S. Macfoy(University of Strathclyde)M. MacInnis(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)D. M. Macleod(Cardiff University)I. A. O. MacMillan(American University)A. Macquet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)I. Magaña Hernandez(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)F. Magaña‐Sandoval(University of Florida)R. M. Magee(Pennsylvania State University)E. Majorana(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)I. Maksimovic(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)A. Malik(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)N. Man(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)V. Mandic(University of Minnesota)V. Mangano(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)G. L. Mansell(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)V. Mangano(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)M. Mantovani(European Gravitational Observatory)Michela Mapelli(University of Padua)F. Marchesoni(Università di Camerino)F. Marion(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Szabolcs Márka(Columbia University)Z. Márka(Columbia University)C. Markakis(University of Cambridge)A. S. Markosyan(Stanford University)A. Markowitz(California Institute of Technology)E. Maros(California Institute of Technology)Antonio Marquina(Universitat de València)Sylvain Marsat(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)F. Martelli(University of Urbino)I. W. Martin(University of Glasgow)R. M. Martin(Montclair State University)V. Martínez(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)Д. В. Мартынов(University of Birmingham)H. Masalehdan(Universität Hamburg)K. Mason(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)E. Massera(University of Sheffield)A. Masserot(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)T. J. Massinger(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)M. Masso‐Reid(University of Glasgow)S. Mastrogiovanni(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)A. Matas(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)F. Matichard(California Institute of Technology)N. Mavalvala(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)E. Maynard(Louisiana State University)J. J. McCann(The University of Western Australia)R. McCarthyD. E. McClelland(Australian National University)S. McCormick(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)L. McCuller(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)S. C. McGuire(Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College)C. McIsaac(University of Portsmouth)J. McIver(California Institute of Technology)D. J. McManus(Australian National University)T. McRae(Australian National University)Sean T. McWilliams(West Virginia University)D. Meacher(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)G. D. Meadors(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)M. Mehmet(Leibniz University Hannover)A. K. Mehta(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)E. Mejuto Villa(University of Sannio)A. Melatos(The University of Melbourne)G. MendellR. A. Mercer(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)L. Mereni(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)K. Merfeld(University of Oregon)E. L. MerilhJ. D. Merritt(University of Oregon)M. Merzougui(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)S. Meshkov(California Institute of Technology)C. Messenger(University of Glasgow)C. Messick(The University of Texas at Austin)R. Metzdorff(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)P. M. Meyers(The University of Melbourne)F. Meylahn(Leibniz University Hannover)A. Mhaske(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)A. Miani(University of Trento)H. Miao(University of Birmingham)I. Michaloliakos(University of Florida)C. Michel(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)H. Middleton(The University of Melbourne)L. Milano(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli)A. L. Miller(University of Florida)Simona J. Miller(California Institute of Technology)M. Millhouse(The University of Melbourne)J. C. Mills(Cardiff University)E. Milotti(University of Trieste)M. C. Milovich-Goff(California State University System)O. Minazzoli(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Y. Minenkov(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata)A. Mishkin(University of Florida)C. Mishra(Indian Institute of Technology Madras)T. Mistry(University of Sheffield)S. Mitra(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)V. P. Mitrofanov(Lomonosov Moscow State University)G. Mitselmakher(University of Florida)R. Mittleman(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)G. Mo(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)K. Mogushi(Missouri University of Science and Technology)S. R. P. Mohapatra(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)S. R. Mohite(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)M. Molina-Ruiz(University of California System)M. Mondin(California State University System)M. Montani(University of Urbino)C. J. Moore(University of Birmingham)D. MoraruF. Morawski(Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center)G. MorenoS. Morisaki(The University of Tokyo)B. Mours(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)C. M. Mow‐Lowry(University of Birmingham)S. Mozzon(University of Portsmouth)F. Muciaccia(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)Arunava Mukherjee(University of Glasgow)D. Mukherjee(Pennsylvania State University)S. Mukherjee(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)S. Mukherjee(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)N. Mukund(Leibniz University Hannover)A. Mullavey(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)J. Münch(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)E. A. Muñiz(Syracuse University)P. G. Murray(University of Glasgow)A. Nagar(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino)I. Nardecchia(University of Rome Tor Vergata)L. Naticchioni(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)R. K. Nayak(Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata)B. F. Neil(The University of Western Australia)J. Neilson(University of Sannio)G. Nelemans(Radboud University Nijmegen)T. J. N. Nelson(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)M. Nery(Leibniz University Hannover)A. Neunzert(University of Michigan)K.Y. Ng(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)S. Ng(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)C. Nguyen(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)P. Nguyen(University of Oregon)David A. Nichols(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)S. A. Nichols(Louisiana State University)S. Nissanke(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)F. Nocera(European Gravitational Observatory)Minkyun Noh(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)C. North(Cardiff University)D. Nothard(Kenyon College)L. K. Nuttall(University of Portsmouth)J. OberlingP. T. O’Brien(University of Florida)G. Oganesyan(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)G. H. Ogin(Whitman College)J. J. Oh(National Institute for Mathematical Sciences)S. H. Oh(National Institute for Mathematical Sciences)F. Ohme(Leibniz University Hannover)H. Ohta(The University of Tokyo)M. A. Okada(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais)M. Oliver(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears)C. Olivetto(European Gravitational Observatory)P. Oppermann(Leibniz University Hannover)Richard J. Oram(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)B. O’Reilly(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)R. G. Ormiston(University of Minnesota)L. F. Ortega(University of Florida)R. O’Shaughnessy(Rochester Institute of Technology)Serguei Ossokine(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)C. Osthelder(California Institute of Technology)D. J. Ottaway(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)H. Overmier(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)B. J. Owen(Texas Tech University)A. E. Pace(Pennsylvania State University)G. Pagano(University of Pisa)M. A. Page(The University of Western Australia)G. Pagliaroli(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)A. Pai(Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)S. A. Pai(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)J. R. Palamos(University of Oregon)O. Palashov(Institute of Applied Physics)C. Palomba(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)H. Pan(National Tsing Hua University)P. K. Panda(Research & Development Establishment (Engrs.))P. T. H. Pang(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)C. Pankow(Northwestern University)F. Pannarale(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)B. C. Pant(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)F. Paoletti(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa)A. Paoli(European Gravitational Observatory)A. Parida(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)W. Parker(Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College)D. Pascucci(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)A. Pasqualetti(European Gravitational Observatory)R. Passaquieti(University of Pisa)D. Passuello(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa)B. Patricelli(University of Pisa)E. Payne(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)B. L. Pearlstone(University of Glasgow)T. C. Pechsiri(University of Florida)A. J. Pedersen(Syracuse University)M. Pedraza(California Institute of Technology)A. Pele(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)Z. Pereira(Hobart and William Smith Colleges)Albino Perego(University of Trento)C. J. PerezC. Périgois(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)A. Perreca(University of Trento)S. Perriès(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)J. Petermann(Universität Hamburg)Harald Pfeiffer(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)M. Phelps(Leibniz University Hannover)K. S. Phukon(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)O. J. Piccinni(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)M. Pichot(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Piendibene(University of Pisa)F. Piergiovanni(University of Urbino)V. Pierro(University of Sannio)G. Pillant(European Gravitational Observatory)L. Pinard(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)I. M. Pinto(University of Sannio)K. Piotrzkowski(UCLouvain)M. PirelloM. Pitkin(Lancaster University)W. Plastino(Roma Tre University)R. Poggiani(University of Pisa)D. Y. T. Pong(Chinese University of Hong Kong)S. Ponrathnam(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)P. Popolizio(European Gravitational Observatory)E. K. Porter(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)J. Powell(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)A. K. Prajapati(Institute for Plasma Research)K. Prasai(Stanford University)T. Pradier(Research & Development Establishment (Engrs.))G. Pratten(University of Birmingham)T. Prestegard(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)M. Principe(University of Sannio)G. A. Prodi(University of Trento)L. Prokhorov(University of Birmingham)M. Punturo(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia)P. Puppo(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)M. Pürrer(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)H. Qi(Cardiff University)V. Quetschke(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)P. J. Quinonez(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)F. J. RaabG. Raaijmakers(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)H. RadkinsN. Radulesco(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)P. Raffai(Eötvös Loránd University)H. Rafferty(Trinity University)S. Raja(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)C. Rajan(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)I. Rainho(Texas Tech University)M. Rakhmanov(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)K. E. Ramirez(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)A. Ramos-Buades(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears)J. Rana(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)K. Rao(Northwestern University)P. Rapagnani(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)V. Raymond(Cardiff University)M. Razzano(University of Pisa)J. Read(California State University, Fullerton)T. Regimbau(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)L. Rei(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova)S. Reid(University of Strathclyde)D. H. Reitze(California Institute of Technology)P. Rettegno(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino)F. Ricci(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)C. J. Richardson(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)J. W. Richardson(California Institute of Technology)P. M. Ricker(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)G. Riemenschneider(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino)K. Riles(University of Michigan)M. Rizzo(Northwestern University)N. A. Robertson(California Institute of Technology)F. Robinet(Université Paris-Sud)A. Rocchi(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata)R. D. Rodriguez-Soto(Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University)L. Rolland(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)J. G. Rollins(California Institute of Technology)V. J. Roma(University of Oregon)M. Romanelli(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)R. Romano(University of Salerno)C. L. RomelI. M. Romero-Shaw(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)J. H. Romie(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)C. A. Rose(University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)D. Rose(California State University, Fullerton)K. Rose(Kenyon College)D. Rosińska(Astronomical Observatory)S. G. Rosofsky(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)M. P. Ross(University of Washington)S. Rowan(University of Glasgow)S. J. Rowlinson(University of Birmingham)P. K. Roy(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)Santosh Roy(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)Soumen Roy(Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar)P. Ruggi(European Gravitational Observatory)G. Rutins(University of the West of Scotland)K. RyanS. Sachdev(Pennsylvania State University)T. SadeckiMairi Sakellariadou(University of London)O. S. Salafia(Brera Astronomical Observatory)L. Salconi(European Gravitational Observatory)M. Saleem(Chennai Mathematical Institute)A. Samajdar(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)E. J. Sanchez(California Institute of Technology)L. E. Sanchez(California Institute of Technology)N. Sanchis-Gual(University of Lisbon)J. R. Sanders(Marquette University)K. A. Santiago(Montclair State University)Edivaldo Moura Santos(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)N. Sarin(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)B. Sassolas(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)B. S. Sathyaprakash(Pennsylvania State University)O. Sauter(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)R. L. SavageV. Savant(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)D. Sawant(Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)S. Sayah(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)D. Schaetzl(California Institute of Technology)P. Schale(University of Oregon)S. Sayah(California Institute of Technology)Jacob Scheuer(Northwestern University)P. Schmidt(University of Birmingham)R. Schnabel(Universität Hamburg)R. M. S. Schofield(University of Oregon)A. Schönbeck(Universität Hamburg)E. Schreiber(Leibniz University Hannover)B. W. Schulte(Leibniz University Hannover)B. F. Schutz(Cardiff University)O. Schwarm(Whitman College)E. Schwartz(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)J. Scott(University of Glasgow)S. M. Scott(Australian National University)E. Seidel(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)D. Sellers(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)A. S. Sengupta(Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar)N. Sennett(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)D. Sentenac(European Gravitational Observatory)V. Sequino(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova)A. Sergeev(Institute of Applied Physics)Y. Setyawati(Leibniz University Hannover)D. A. Shaddock(Australian National University)T. ShafferM. S. Shahriar(Northwestern University)Safura Sharifi(Louisiana State University)U. S. Shah(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)P. Sharma(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)P. Shawhan(University of Maryland, College Park)H. Shen(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)M. Shikauchi(The University of Tokyo)R. Shink(Polytechnique Montréal)D. H. Shoemaker(Georgia Institute of Technology)D. M. Shoemaker(Georgia Institute of Technology)Khemraj Shukla(University of California System)S. ShyamSundar(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)K. Siellez(Georgia Institute of Technology)M. Sieniawska(Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center)D. SiggL. P. Singer(Goddard Space Flight Center)D. Singh(Pennsylvania State University)N. Singh(Astronomical Observatory)A. Singha(University of Glasgow)A. Singhal(Gran Sasso Science Institute)A. M. Sintes(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears)V. Sipala(University of Sassari)V. Skliris(Cardiff University)B. J. J. Slagmolen(Australian National University)T. J. Slaven-Blair(The University of Western Australia)J. Smetana(University of Birmingham)R. J. E. Smith(California State University, Fullerton)R. J. E. Smith(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)S. Somala(Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad)E. J. Son(National Institute for Mathematical Sciences)K. Soni(Louisiana State University)B. Sorazu(University of Glasgow)V. Sordini(Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1)F. Sorrentino(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova)T. Souradeep(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)E. Sowell(Texas Tech University)A. P. Spencer(University of Glasgow)Mario Spera(University of Padua)Anshika Srivastava(Institute for Plasma Research)V. Srivastava(Syracuse University)K. Staats(Northwestern University)C. Stachie(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Standke(Leibniz University Hannover)D. A. Steer(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Steinke(Leibniz University Hannover)J. Steinlechner(Universität Hamburg)S. Steinlechner(Universität Hamburg)D. Steinmeyer(Leibniz University Hannover)S. P. Stevenson(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)D. Stocks(Stanford University)D. J. Stops(University of Birmingham)M. Stover(Kenyon College)K. A. Strain(University of Glasgow)G. Stratta(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze)A. StrunkR. Sturani(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte)A. L. Stuver(Villanova University)S. Sudhagar(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)V. Sudhir(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)T. Z. Summerscales(Andrews University)L. Sun(California Institute of Technology)L. Sun(Institute for Plasma Research)A. Sur(Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center)J. Suresh(The University of Tokyo)P. J. Sutton(Cardiff University)B. L. Swinkels(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)M. J. Szczepańczyk(University of Florida)M. Tacca(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)S. C. Tait(University of Glasgow)C. Talbot(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)A. J. Tanasijczuk(UCLouvain)D. B. Tanner(University of Florida)D. Tao(California Institute of Technology)M. Tápai(University of Szeged)A. Tapia(California State University, Fullerton)E. N. Tapia San Martin(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)J. D. Tasson(Carleton College)R. Taylor(California Institute of Technology)R. Tenorio(Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears)L. Terkowski(Universität Hamburg)M. P. Thirugnanasambandam(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)M. Thomas(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)P. ThomasJ. E. Thompson(Cardiff University)S. R. Thondapu(Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology)K. A. Thorne(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)E. Thrane(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)C. L. Tinsman(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)T. R. Saravanan(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)Shubhanshu Tiwari(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)Shubhanshu Tiwari(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)V. Tiwari(Cardiff University)K. Toland(University of Glasgow)M. Tonelli(University of Pisa)Z. Tornasi(University of Glasgow)A. Torres-Forné(Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics)C. I. Torrie(California Institute of Technology)I. Tosta e Melo(University of Sassari)D. Töyrä(Australian National University)E. A. Trail(Louisiana State University)F. Travasso(Università di Camerino)G. Traylor(LIGO Scientific Collaboration)M. C. Tringali(Astronomical Observatory)A. Tripathee(University of Michigan)A. Trovato(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)R. J. Trudeau(California Institute of Technology)K. W. Tsang(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)M. Tse(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)R. Tso(California Institute of Technology)Leo Tsukada(The University of Tokyo)D. Tsuna(The University of Tokyo)T. Tsutsui(The University of Tokyo)M. Turconi(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)A. S. Ubhi(University of Birmingham)R. P. Udall(Georgia Institute of Technology)K. Ueno(The University of Tokyo)D. Ugolini(Trinity University)C. S. Unnikrishnan(Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)A. L. Urban(Louisiana State University)S. A. Usman(University of Chicago)A. Utina(University of Glasgow)H. Vahlbruch(Leibniz University Hannover)G. Vajente(California Institute of Technology)G. Valdés(Louisiana State University)M. Valentini(University of Trento)J. F. J. van den Brand(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)M. van Beuzekom(Maastricht University)J. F. J. van den Brand(Utrecht University)J. F. J. van den Brand(Utrecht University)D. C. Vander-Hyde(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)L. van der Schaaf(The University of Western Australia)J. V. van Heijningen(The University of Western Australia)A. A. van Veggel(National Institute for Subatomic Physics)M. Vardaro(California Institute of Technology)Vijay Varma(California Institute of Technology)S. Vass(California Institute of Technology)M. Vasúth(Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics)A. Vecchio(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova)G. Vedovato(University of Glasgow)J. Veitch(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)P. J. Veitch(University of Washington)K. Venkateswara(California Institute of Technology)G. Venugopalan(California Institute of Technology)D. Verkindt(Université Savoie Mont Blanc)Doğa Veske(University of Urbino)F. Vetrano(University of Urbino)A. Viceré(Concordia University Wisconsin)A. D. Viets(Concordia University Wisconsin)S. Vinciguerra(University of Birmingham)D. J. Vine(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)J.-Y. Vinet(Université Côte d'Azur)S. Vitale(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)F. Hernandez Vivanco(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)T. Vo(University of Perugia)H. Vocca(University of Perugia)C. Vorvick(Lomonosov Moscow State University)S. P. Vyatchanin(Australian National University)A. R. Wade(Australian National University)L. E. Wade(Kenyon College)M. Wade(Kenyon College)R. Walet(California State University, Fullerton)M. Walker(California State University, Fullerton)G. S. Wallace(California Institute of Technology)L. Wallace(California Institute of Technology)S. Walsh(University of Michigan)J. Z. Wang(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)Sheldon Wang(University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)W. H. Wang(Australian National University)R. L. Ward(Australian National University)Z. A. WardenJ. Warner(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Wąs(Université Libre de Bruxelles)J. Watchi(Université Libre de Bruxelles)B. Weaver(Leibniz University Hannover)L.‐W. Wei(Leibniz University Hannover)M. Weinert(Leibniz University Hannover)A. J. Weinstein(California Institute of Technology)R. Weiss(Leibniz University Hannover)F. Wellmann(Leibniz University Hannover)L. Wen(Leibniz University Hannover)P. Weßels(Leibniz University Hannover)J. W. Westhouse(Australian National University)K. Wette(Australian National University)J. T. Whelan(Rochester Institute of Technology)B. F. Whiting(University of Florida)C. Whittle(Leibniz University Hannover)D. M. Wilken(Leibniz University Hannover)D. R. Williams(California Institute of Technology)J. L. Willis(Leibniz University Hannover)B. Willke(Leibniz University Hannover)W. Winkler(Leibniz University Hannover)C. C. Wipf(Leibniz University Hannover)H. Wittel(Leibniz University Hannover)G. Woan(Leibniz University Hannover)J. Woehler(Leibniz University Hannover)J. K. Wofford(Rochester Institute of Technology)Chun-fung Wong(Chinese University of Hong Kong)J. L. Wright(Leibniz University Hannover)D. S. Wu(Leibniz University Hannover)D. M. Wysocki(California Institute of Technology)S. Xiao(California Institute of Technology)H. Yamamoto(California Institute of Technology)L. Yang(University of Florida)Yifei Yang(University of Minnesota)Z. Yang(Australian National University)M. J. Yap(Australian National University)M. Yazback(University of Florida)D. W. Yeeles(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)Hang Yu(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)Haocun Yu(Chinese University of Hong Kong)S. H. R. Yuen(Chinese University of Hong Kong)A. K. Zadrożny(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)A. Zadrożny(The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)M. Zanolin(European Gravitational Observatory)T. Zelenova(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova)J.‐P. Zendri(Northwestern University)M. Zevin(The University of Western Australia)J. Zhang(California Institute of Technology)L. Zhang(California Institute of Technology)T. Zhang(The University of Western Australia)C. Zhao(Université Libre de Bruxelles)Gong‐Bo Zhao(Northwestern University)M. Zhou(Northwestern University)Z. Zhou(ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery)X. J. Zhu(Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute)Aaron Zimmerman(California Institute of Technology)M. E. Zucker(California Institute of Technology)J. Zweizig(California Institute of Technology)

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Abstract

We report the observation of gravitational waves from a binary-black-hole coalescence during the first two weeks of LIGO’s and Virgo’s third observing run. The signal was recorded on April 12, 2019 at 05∶30∶44 UTC with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 19. The binary is different from observations during the first two observing runs most notably due to its asymmetric masses: a <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mo>∼</a:mo><a:mn>30</a:mn><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:msub><a:mi>M</a:mi><a:mo stretchy="false">⊙</a:mo></a:msub></a:math> black hole merged with a <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><d:mo>∼</d:mo><d:mn>8</d:mn><d:mtext> </d:mtext><d:mtext> </d:mtext><d:msub><d:mi>M</d:mi><d:mo stretchy="false">⊙</d:mo></d:msub></d:math> black hole companion. The more massive black hole rotated with a dimensionless spin magnitude between 0.22 and 0.60 (90% probability). Asymmetric systems are predicted to emit gravitational waves with stronger contributions from higher multipoles, and indeed we find strong evidence for gravitational radiation beyond the leading quadrupolar order in the observed signal. A suite of tests performed on GW190412 indicates consistency with Einstein’s general theory of relativity. While the mass ratio of this system differs from all previous detections, we show that it is consistent with the population model of stellar binary black holes inferred from the first two observing runs. Published by the American Physical Society 2020

Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations Geophysics and Sensor TechnologyPhysicsGravitational waveBlack hole (networking)Binary black holeLIGOAstrophysicsDimensionless quantityPopulationBinary numberNumerical relativity

Funding

National Science Foundation
Kavli Foundation
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
Centres de Recerca de Catalunya
Institut des Origines de Lyon
Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation
Leverhulme Trust
Royal Society
Scottish Funding Council
Scottish Universities Physics Alliance
European Commission
National Research Foundation
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Russian Foundation for Basic Research
Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
Generalitat de Catalunya
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
Industry Canada
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Generalitat Valenciana
Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
Hungarian Scientific Research Fund
National Research Foundation of Korea
Conseil Régional, Île-de-France
Narodowe Centrum Nauki
Ministry of Education, India
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Russian Science Foundation
Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico
Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal
Vlaamse regering
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research
Govern de les Illes Balears
Seventh Framework Programme
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Science and Technology Facilities Council
Australian Research Council
Science and Engineering Research Board
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
European Regional Development Fund
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
Division of Human Resource Development

Citations

647

FWCI

65.71

field-weighted impact

References

303

Percentile

100%

vs. same field & year

Citations per year

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