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SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes

Nature Medicine · 2020 · Vol. 26(5) · pp. 681–687

HCA Lung Biological Network✉(Wellcome Sanger Institute)Waradon Sungnak(Wellcome Sanger Institute)Ni Huang(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Christophe Bécavin(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Marijn Berg(University Medical Center Groningen)Rachel Queen(Max Delbrück Center)Monika Litviňuková(Max Delbrück Center)Carlos Talavera‐López(Max Delbrück Center)Henrike Maatz(Harvard University)Daniel Reichart(Harvard University)Fotios Sampaziotis(Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute)Kaylee B. Worlock(University College London)Masahiro Yoshida(University College London)Josephine L. Barnes(University College London)

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SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research Immune responses and vaccinations COVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesInnate immune systemBiologyTropismGeneVirologyTissue tropismImmune systemImmunologyImmunityVirus

Funding

U.S. Department of Defense
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Richard and Susan Smith Family Foundation
Massachusetts General Hospital
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Northwestern University
School of Medicine, Boston University
Arizona State University
Wellcome Trust
Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung
National Jewish Health
Broad Institute
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Manton Foundation
University of Alberta
Cancer Research UK
National Institute for Health and Care Research
British Heart Foundation
Imperial College London
University College London
European Commission
Rosetrees Trust
National Research Foundation
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Agence Nationale de la Recherche
Fondation Leducq
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
University of New South Wales
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Catholic University of Korea
Cancerfonden
Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
National Research Foundation of Korea
Karolinska Institutet
National Science and Technology Development Agency
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan
Vetenskapsrådet
Thailand Research Fund
Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
Stockholms Universitet
Science for Life Laboratory
Conseil Départemental des Alpes Maritimes
Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung
Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat
National Institutes of Health
Directorate for Biological Sciences
School of Medicine, Duke University
University of California, San Diego
Harvard Stem Cell Institute
Feinberg School of Medicine
Medical School, University of Michigan
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute
Medical Research Council
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
National Health and Medical Research Council
European Regional Development Fund
Helmholtz Zentrum München
NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute