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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

The Lancet · 2018 · Vol. 392(10159) · pp. 1923–1994

Jeffrey D Stanaway✉(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ashkan Afshin(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Emmanuela Gakidou(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Stephen S Lim(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Degu Abate(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kalkidan Hassen Abate(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Cristiana Abbafati(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Nooshin Abbasi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hedayat Abbastabar(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Foad Abd-Allah(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jemal Abdela(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ahmed Abdelalim(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ibrahim Abdollahpour(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Molla Abebe(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Abebe Zegeye(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Semaw Ferede AberaOlifan Zewdie AbilHaftom Niguse AbrahaAklılu Abrham RobaLaith J. Abu‐Raddad(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Manfred Accrombessi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Dilaram Acharya(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Pawan Acharya(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Abdu A. Adamu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Akilew Awoke Adane(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Oladimeji Adebayo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Victor Adekanmbi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Zanfina Ademi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Olatunji Adetokunboh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mina G Adib(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Amha Admasie(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)José Carmelo Adsuar(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kossivi Agbélénko Afanvi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mohsen Afarideh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Gina Agarwal(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Anju Aggarwal(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Sargis A. Aghayan(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Anurag Agrawal(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Sutapa Agrawal(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alireza Ahmadi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mehdi Ahmadi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hamid Ahmadieh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Muktar Beshir Ahmed(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Amani Nidhal Aichour(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ibtihel Aichour(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tomi Akinyemiju(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Nadia Akseer(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ziyad Al‐Aly(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ayman Al‐Eyadhy(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hesham M. Al‐Mekhlafi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Fares Alahdab(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Khurshid Alam(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Shazia Alam(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Shazia Alam(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alaa Alashi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Seyed Moayed AlavianKefyalew Addis Alene(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Komal Ali(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Syed Mustafa Ali(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mehran Alijanzadeh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Reza Alizadeh‐Navaei(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Syed Mohamed AljunidAla’a Alkerwi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)François Alla(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ubai Alsharif(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Khalid A Altirkawi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Azmeraw T. Amare(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Walid Ammar(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Nahla Anber(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jason A Anderson(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Cătălina Liliana Andrei(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Sofia Androudi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Megbaru Debalkie Animut(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mina Anjomshoa(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mustafa Geleto Ansha(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Josep M. Antó(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Carl Abelardo T. Antonio(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Palwasha Anwari(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Lambert Appiah(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jalal Arabloo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Olatunde Aremu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Johan Ärnlöv(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Al Artaman(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Krishna Kumar Aryal(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hamid Asayesh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Zerihun Ataro(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Marcel Ausloos(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Euripide Avokpaho(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ashish Awasthi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rakesh Ayer(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ayuk Betrand Tambe(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Peter Azzopardi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Arefeh Babazadeh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hamid Badali(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alaa Badawi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kalpana Balakrishnan(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ayele Geleto(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kylie Ball(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Shoshana H. Ballew(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Maciej Banach(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Aleksandra Barać(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Suzanne Barker‐Collo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Till Bärnighausen(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Lope H. Barrero(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Sanjay Basu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Bernhard T. Baune(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Shahrzad Bazargan‐Hejazi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Neeraj Bedi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ettore Beghi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Masoud Behzadifar(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Meysam Behzadifar(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Yannick Béjot(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Bayu Begashaw Bekele(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Eyasu Tamru Bekru(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ezra Belay(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Yihalem Abebe Belay(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Michelle L. Bell(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Aminu K. Bello(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Derrick Bennett(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Isabela M. Benseñor(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Gilles Bergeron(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Adugnaw Berhane(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Eduardo Bernabé(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Robert S. Bernstein(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mircea Beuran(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tina Beyranvand(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Neeraj Bhala(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ashish Bhalla(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Suraj Bhattarai(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Zulfiqar A Bhutta(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Belete Biadgo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ali Bijani(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Boris Bikbov(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ver Bilano(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Nigus Bililign(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Donal Bisanzio(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tuhin Biswas(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tone Bjørge(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Brigette F. Blacker(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Archie Bleyer(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rohan Borschmann(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ibrahim R. Bou-Orm(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Soufiane Boufous(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rupert Bourne(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Oliver J. Brady(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Michael Bräuer(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alexandra Bražinová(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Nicholas J. K. Breitborde(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hermann Brenner(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Andrey Briko(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Gabrielle B. Britton(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Traolach Brugha(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rachelle Buchbinder(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Richard T. Burnett(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Reinhard Busse(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Zahid A Butt(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Leah E. Cahill(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ismael Campos‐Nonato(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rosario Cárdenas(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Giulia Carreras(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Juan Jesús Carrero(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Félix Carvalho(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jacqueline Castillo Rivas(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Franz Castro(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ferrán Catalá-López(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kate Causey(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kelly Cercy(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ester Cerin(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Yazan Chaiah(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hsing‐Yi Chang(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jung‐Chen Chang(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kai-Lan Chang(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Fiona Charlson(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Aparajita Chattopadhyay(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Vijay Kumar Chattu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Miao Li Chee(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ching‐Yu Cheng(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Adrienne Chew(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Odgerel Chimed‐Ochir(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ken Lee Chin(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Abdulaal Chitheer(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jee-Young J Choi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rajiv Chowdhury(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hanne Christensen(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Sheng‐Chia Chung(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Flavia Cicuttini(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Massimo Círillo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Aaron J. Cohen(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Daniel Collado‐Mateo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Cyrus Cooper(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Owen R. Cooper(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Josef Coresh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Leslie Cornaby(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Paolo Angelo Cortesi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Monica Cortinovis(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Megan Costa(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ewerton Cousin(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Michael H Criqui(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Elizabeth A. Cromwell(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)David K Cundiff(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alemneh Kabeta Daba(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Berihun Assefa Dachew(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Abel Fekadu Dadi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Albertino Damasceno(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Lalit Dandona(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rakhi Dandona(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Sarah C. Darby(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Paul I. Dargan(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ahmad Daryani(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rajat Das GuptaJosé das Neves(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Aditya Prasad DashDragoş Virgil Daviţoiu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kairat Davletov(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Vanessa De la Cruz‐Góngora(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Fernando de la HozDiego De Leo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jan‐Walter De Neve(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Louisa Degenhardt(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Selina Deiparine(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Robert P Dellavalle(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Gebre Teklemariam Demoz(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Edgar Denova‐Gutiérrez(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kebede Deribe(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Nikolaos Dervenis(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Aniruddha Deshpande(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Don C. Des JarlaisGetenet Dessie(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Gabrielle deVeber(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Subhojit Dey(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Meghnath Dhimal(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mesfin Tadese Dinberu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Eric L. Ding(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Helen Derara Diro(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Shirin Djalalinia(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Huyen Phuc(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Клара Докова(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)David Teye Doku(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kerrie Doyle(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tim Driscoll(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Manisha Dubey(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Eleonora Dubljanin(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Eyasu Ejeta Duken(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Bruce Bartholow Duncan(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)André Rodrigues Durães(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Natalie Ebert(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hedyeh Ebrahimi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Soheil Ebrahimpour(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)David Edvardsson(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Andem Effiong(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Anne Elise Eggen(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Charbel El Bcheraoui(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ziad El‐Khatib(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Iqbal Elyazar(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ahmadali Enayati(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Aman Yesuf Endries(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Benjamin Er(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Holly E Erskine(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Sharareh Eskandarieh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alireza Esteghamati(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kara Estep(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hamed Fakhim(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mahbobeh Faramarzi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mohammad Fareed(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Talha Farid(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Andrea Farioli(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)André Faro(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Maryam S. Farvid(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mohammad Hosein Farzaei(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Batool Fatima(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kairsten Fay(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ali Akbar Fazaeli(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Valery L. Feigin(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Andrea B Feigl(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Eduarda Fernandes(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)João Carlos Fernandes(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Giannina Ferrara(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alize J Ferrari(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Manuela L. Ferreira(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Irina Filip(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jonas D. Finger(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Florian Fischer(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Nataliya A Foigt(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kyle J Foreman(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Takeshi Fukumoto(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Nancy Fullman(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Thomas Fürst(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)João M. Furtado(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Neal D. Futran(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Seana Gall(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Silvano Gallus(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Amiran Gamkrelidze(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Morsaleh Ganji(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alberto L. García‐Basteiro(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)William M. Gardner(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Abadi Kahsu Gebre(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Amanuel Tesfay GebremedhinTeklu Gebrehiwo Gebremichael(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tilayie Feto Gelano(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Johanna M. Geleijnse(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Peter W. GethingKebede Embaye Gezae(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Reza Ghadimi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Keyghobad Ghadiri(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Maryam Ghasemi‐Kasman(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mamata Ghimire(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rakesh Ghosh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Aloke Gopal Ghoshal(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Simona Giampaoli(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Paramjit Gill(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tiffany K Gill(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Richard F Gillum(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ibrahim Ginawi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Giorgia Giussani(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)E. V. GnedovskayaWilliam GodwinSrinivas GoliHector Gómez‐DantésPhilimon GonaSameer Vali GopalaniAlessandra C. GoulartAyman Grada(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Morgan E. GramsGiuseppe GrossoH. C. GugnaniYuming GuoRahul Gupta(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tarun Gupta(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Tanush Gupta(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Reyna Alma Gutiérrez(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Daniela S. Gutiérrez‐TorresJuanita A. HaagsmaTesfa Dejenie HabtewoldVladimir HachinskiNima Hafezi‐NejadTekleberhan B HagosTewodros TesfaGessessew Bugssa HailuArvin Haj‐MirzaianArya Haj‐Mirzaian(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Randah R HamadehSamer HamidiAlexis J. HandalGraeme J. HankeyYuantao HaoHilda L Harb(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)S HarikrishnanJosep María HaroHadi Hassankhani(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hamid Yimam Hassen(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rasmus HavmoellerCaitlin HawleySimon I Hay(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Akbar Hedayatizadeh‐Omran(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Behzad Heibati(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Behnam HeidariMohsen Heidari(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Delia HendrieAndualem HenokIleana Heredia-PiClaudiu HerţeliuFatemeh HeydarpourSousan HeydarpourDesalegn Tsegaw HibstuTarig B. HigaziEsayas Haregot HilaweHans W. HoekHoward J. HoffmanMichael K. HoleEnayatollah Homaie RadPraveen HoogarHung Chak HoMostafa HosseiniMehdi Hosseinzadeh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mihaela HostiucSorin HostiucDamian G HoyMohamed Hsaïri(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Thomas Hsiao(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Guoqing Hu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Howard Hu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)John J. HuangMamusha Aman HussenChantal HuynhKim Moesgaard IburgNayu IkedaOlayinka Stephen IlesanmiUsman IqbalSeyed Sina Naghibi IrvaniCaleb Mackay Salpeter IrvineSheikh Mohammed Shariful IslamFarhad IslamiMaria JacksonKathryn H. JacobsenLeila JahangiryNader JahanmehrSudhir Kumar JainMihajlo JakovljevićSpencer L JamesSimerjot K JassalAchala Upendra JayatillekePanniyammakal JeemonRavi Prakash JhaVivekanand JhaJohn S. Ji(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jost B. Jonas(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jitendra JonnagaddalaZahra Jorjoran ShushtariAnkur JoshiJacek Jerzy JozwiakMikk JürissonZubair KabirAmaha KahsayRizwan KalaniTanuj KanchanSurya Kant(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Chittaranjan KarManoochehr Karami(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Behzad Karami Matin(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)André KarchCorine KaremaNarges Karimi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Saeed Karimi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Amir KasaeianDessalegn H KassaGetachew Mullu KassaTesfaye KassaNicholas J KassebaumSrinivasa Vittal Katikireddi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Anil KaulNorito KawakamiZhila KazemiAli Kazemi KaryaniAdane Teshome KefalePeter Njenga KeiyoroGrant Rodgers KempAndré Pascal Kengne(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Andre KerenChandrasekharan Nair KesavachandranYousef Khader(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Behzad KhafaeiMorteza Abdullatif Khafaie(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alireza Khajavi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Nauman Khalid(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Fakher RahimGulfaraz KhanMuhammad Shahzeb KhanMuhammad Ali KhanYoung‐Ho KhangMona M Khater(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mohammad KhazaeiHabibolah KhazaieAbdullah T KhojaArdeshir KhosraviMohammad Hossein KhosraviAli KiadaliriDaniel N KiirithioCho-il Kim(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Daniel KimYoung‐Eun KimYun Jin KimRuth W KimokotiYohannes KinfuAdnan KısaKatarzyna Kissimova‐Skarbek(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mika KivimäkiLuke D. KnibbsAnn Kristin KnudsenSonali KochharYoshihiro KokuboTufa KololaJacek A KopecSoewarta KosenParvaiz A Koul(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ai Koyanagi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Michael KravchenkoKewal KrishanKristopher J KrohnHans KromhoutBarthélémy Kuate DefoBurcu Küçük BiçerG Anil KumarManasi KumarIhor KuzinHmwe Hmwe Kyu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Carl Lachat(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Deepesh Lad(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Sheetal D LadAlessandra LafranconiRatilal LallooTea LallukkaFaris LamiJustin J. LangVan Charles LansinghSamantha Leigh LarsonArman LatifiJeffrey V. LazarusPaul H. LeeJames LeighMostafa LeiliCheru Tesema LeshargieJanni LeungMiriam LeviSonia Lewycka(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Shanshan Li(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Li Y(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Juan LiangXiaofeng Liang(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Yu LiaoMisgan Legesse Liben(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Lee‐Ling LimShai LinnShiwei Liu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rakesh LodhaGiancarlo Logroscino(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alan D LopezStefan LorkowskiPaulo A. LotufoRafael LozanoTim LucasRaimundas Lunevičius(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Stefan MaErlyn Rachelle King MacarayanÍsis Eloah MachadoFabiana MadottoHue ThiMarek Majdán(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Reza MajdzadehAzeem Majeed(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Reza MalekzadehDéborah Carvalho MaltaAbdullah Al MamunAna-Laura MandaHelena ManguerraMohammad Alì MansourniaLG MantovaniJoemer C MaravillaWagner MarcenesAshley MarksRandall V. MartinSheila Cristina Ouriques MartinsFrancisco Rogerlândio Martins‐Melo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Winfried MärzMelvin Barrientos MarzanBenjamin B. MassenburgManu Raj MathurPrashant MathurKunihiro MatsushitaPallab K Maulik(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mohsen MazidiColm McAlindenJohn J. McGrathMartin McKeeRavi MehrotraKala M. MehtaVarshil Mehta(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Toni MeierFantahun Ayenew MekonnenYohannes Adama MelakuAddisu MeleseMulugeta MelkuPeter Memiah(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ziad A. Memish(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Walter MendozaDesalegn Tadese MengistuGeorge A. MensahGert MensinkSeid Tiku MeretaAtte MeretojaTuomo J MeretojaTomislav MeštrovićHaftay Berhane MezgebeBartosz MiazgowskiTomasz MiazgowskiAnoushka MillearTed R. MillerMolly K. Miller-PetrieGK MiniMojde MirarefinAndreea MiricăErkin М МirrakhimovAwoke Temesgen MisganawHabtamu MitikuBabak MoazenBahram Mohajer(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Karzan Abdulmuhsin MohammadMoosa MohammadiNoushin MohammadifardMousa Mohammadnia‐AfrouziShafiu MohammedFarnam MohebiAli H. MokdadMariam MolokhiaFatemeh MomenihaLorenzo MonastaYoshan Moodley(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ghobad MoradiMaziar Moradi‐Lakeh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mehdi MoradinazarPaula MoragaLídia MorawskaJoana Morgado-da-CostaShane D. MorrisonMarilita M. MoschosSimin MouodiSeyyed Meysam MousaviDariush MozaffarianKalayu Brhane MrutsAchenef Asmamaw MucheKindie Fentahun MuchieUlrich MüellerOumer Sada MuhammedSatinath Mukhopadhyay(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kate MullerKamarul Imran Musa(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ghulam MustafaAshraf Nabhan(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mohsen Naghavi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Aliya Naheed(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Azin NahvijouGurudatta NaikNitish Naik(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Farid NajafiVinay NangiaJobert Richie NansseuBruno Ramos Nascimento(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Bruce NealNahid NeamatiIonuţ NegoiRuxandra Irina NegoiSubas NeupaneCharles R. NewtonJosephine W NgunjiriNguyễn Quỳnh AnhGrant NguyenHa NguyenHuong Lan Thi NguyenHuong Thanh NguyenMinh NguyenNam Ba Nguyen(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Emma Nichols(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jing NieDina Nur Anggraini NingrumYirga Legesse NirayoNobuo NishiMolly R NixonMarzieh NojomiShuhei NomuraOle Frithjof Norheim(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mehdi Noroozi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Bo NorrvingJean Jacques NoubiapHamid Reza NouriMalihe Nourollahpour ShiadehMohammad Reza NowrooziElaine O. NsoesiePeter S. NyasuluCarla Makhlouf ObermeyerChristopher M Odell(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Richard Ofori‐AsensoFelix Akpojene Ogbo(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)In‐Hwan Oh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Olanrewaju OladimejiAndrew T OlagunjuTinuke O OlagunjuPedro R. OlivaresHelen Elizabeth OlsenBolajoko O. OlusanyaJacob Olusegun Olusanya(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Sok King Ong(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Sok King OngEyal OrenHeather Orpana(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alberto OrtízErika OtaStanislav S Otstavnov(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Simon ØverlandMayowa Owolabi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)P A MaheshRosana PacellaAbhijit PakhareAmir H. Pakpour(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Adrian PanăSonghomitra Panda‐JonasEun‐Kee ParkCharles Parry(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hadi ParsianShanti PatelSanghamitra PatiSnehal T PatilAjay PatleGeorge PattonDeepak PaudelKatherine PaulsonWayra Citlali Paz BallesterosNeil PearceAlexandre C. PereiraDavid M. PereiraNorberto PericoKonrad PesudovsMax PetzoldHai Quang PhamMichael PhillipsJulian David Pillay(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)М. А. ПирадовMeghdad PirsahebTobias PischonFarhad PishgarOleguer Plana‐RipollDietrich Plaß(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Suzanne PolinderKevan R. PolkinghorneMaarten J. PostmaRichie PoultonAkram PourshamsHossein PoustchiDorairaj PrabhakaranSwayam PrakashNarayan PrasadCaroline PurcellManorama PurwarMostafa Qorbani(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Amir Radfar(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Anwar Rafay(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alireza Rafiei(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Fakher Rahim(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Zohreh Rahimi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Afarin Rahimi‐MovagharVafa Rahimi‐MovagharMahfuzar RahmanMohammad Hifz Ur RahmanMuhammad Aziz Rahman(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rajesh KumarFatemeh RajatiSaša RajšićSree Bhushan Raju(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Usha RamChhabi Lal RanabhatPrabhat RanjanGoura Kishor RathDavid Laith RawafSalman RawafK. Srinath ReddyColin D. RehmColin D. RehmRobert C. ReinerMarissa B ReitsmaGiuseppe RemuzziAndré M. N. RenzahoSerge ResnikoffLuz Myriam Reynales-ShigematsuSatar RezaeiAntônio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Juan Á. Rivera(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kedir Teji RobaSonia Rodríguez‐RamírezLeonardo RoeverYesenia RománLuca RonfaniGholamreza Roshandel(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ali RostamiGregory A. RothDietrich RothenbacherAmbuj RoyEnrico RubagottiLesley RushtonCharumathi SabanayagamPerminder S. SachdevBasema SaddikEhsan SadeghiSahar Saeedi Moghaddam(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hosein Safari(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Yahya SafariRoya Safari‐FaramaniMahdi SafdarianSare SafiSaeid SafiriRajesh SagarAmirhossein SahebkarMohammad Ali SahraianHaniye Sadat SajadiNasir SalamPayman SalamatiZikria SaleemYahya SalimiHamideh SalimzadehJoshua A. SalomonDevashri SalviInbal SalzAbdallah M Samy(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Juan SanabriaMaría Dolores Sánchez-NiñoTania G Sánchez-PimientaTaren SandersYingying SangDamian SantomauroItamar S SantosJoão Vasco SantosMilena M Santric-MilicevicBruno Piassi Sâo JoséMayank SardanaAbdur Razzaque SarkerRodrigo Sarmiento-SuárezNizal Sarrafzadegan(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Benn SartoriusShahabeddin SarviBrijesh SathianMaheswar SatpathyArundhati R SawantMonika SawhneyMete Şaylan(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mehdi SayyahElke SchäeffnerMaría Inês SchmidtIone Jayce Ceola Schneider(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ben SchöttkerAletta E. Schutte(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)David C. SchwebelFalk SchwendickeJames G. ScottSoraya Seedat(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mario ŠekerijaSadaf G SepanlouMarc L. SerreEdson Serván‐MoriSeyedmojtaba SeyedmousaviHosein ShabaninejadGavin Shaddick(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Azadeh Shafieesabet(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mehdi Shahbazi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Amira ShaheenMasood Ali ShaikhTeresa Shamah Levy(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mehran Shams-BeyranvandMohammadBagher ShamsiHeidar SharafiKiomars Sharafi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mehdi SharifMahdi Sharif-Alhoseini(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hamid SharifiJayendra SharmaMeenakshi SharmaRajesh Sharma(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jun SheAziz Sheikh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Peilin ShiKenji ShibuyaMekonnen Sisay Shiferaw(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mika Shigematsu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Min‐Jeong Shin(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rahman Shiri(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Reza ShirkoohiIvy ShiueFarhad ShokranehHaitham ShomanMark G. ShrimeMatthew Shupler(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Si SiSoraya SiabaniAbla Mehio SibaiTariq Jamal SiddiqiInga Dóra SigfúsdóttirRannveig Sigurvinsdóttir(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Diego Augusto Santos Silva(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)João Pedro SilvaDayane Gabriele Alves Silveira(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ambrish Singh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Narinder Pal Singh(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Virendra SinghDhirendra Narain SinhaEirini SkiadaresiVegard SkirbekkDavid L. Smith(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mari SmithBadr Hasan SobaihSoheila SobhaniRanjani SomayajiMoslem SoofiReed J D SorensenJoan B. SorianoIreneous N SoyiriAngela SpinelliLuciano A. SposatoChandrashekhar T SreeramareddyVinay SrinivasanVladimir I. StarodubovNadine Steckling(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Dan J. Stein(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Murray B. SteinGoran Stevanović(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Leo StockfeltMark A. StokesLela SturuaMichelle SubartAgus SudaryantoMu’awiyyah Babale SufiyanGerhard SuloBruno Sunguya(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Patrick John SurBryan L. SykesCassandra SzoekeRafael Tabarés‐SeisdedosTakahiro TabuchiSantosh Kumar Tadakamadla(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ken TakahashiNikhil TandonSegen Gebremeskel Tassew(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mohammad TavakkoliNuno TaveiraArash Tehrani‐BanihashemiT. TekalignShishay Wahdey TekelemedhinMerhawi Gebremedhin TekleHabtamu TemesgenMohamad‐Hani TemsahOmar TemsahAbdullah Sulieman Terkawi(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Belay TeferaMebrahtu TeweldemedhinKavumpurathu Raman ThankappanAndrew TheisThirunavukkarasu Sathish(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Hannah J. Thomas(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Matthew L. Thomas(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Nihal ThomasGeorge D. ThurstonBinyam TilahunTaavi Tillmann(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Quyen G. ToMyriam TobollikMarcello TonelliRoman Topór-MądryAnna E TorreMiguel Tortajada‐GirbésMathilde TouvierMarcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Jeffrey A Towbin(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Bach Xuan Tran(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Khanh Bao TranThomas Clement TruelsenNu Thi TruongAfewerki Gebremeskel TsadikLorainne Tudor CarE. Murat TuzcuHayley TymesonStefanos TyrovolasKingsley Nnanna UkwajaIrfan Ullah(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Rachel L UpdikeMuhammad UsmanOlalekan A. UthmanMuthiah VaduganathanAfsane VaeziPascual Valdéz(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Aaron van DonkelaarElena A. VaravikovaSantosh VarugheseTommi VasankariVidhya VenkateswaranNarayanaswamy VenketasubramanianSantos VillafainaFrancesco Saverio ViolanteSergey Konstantinovitch VladimirovVasily VlassovDan J. SteinTheo VosKia VosoughiGiang Thu VuIsidora S VujcicFasil Shiferaw WagnewYasir WaheedStephen G. WallerJudd L. WalsonYafeng WangYanping WangYuan‐Pang WangElisabete WeiderpassRobert G WeintraubFitsum Weldegebreal(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Andrea WerdeckerAdhena Ayaliew WerknehJ. Jason WestRonny WestermanHarvey WhitefordJustyna WideckaTissa WijeratneAndrea Sylvia WinklerAlison B. WiyehCharles Shey WiysongeCharles WolfeTien Yin WongShouling WuDenis XavierGelin Xu(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Simon Yadgir(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Ali YadollahpourSeyed Hossein Yahyazadeh JabbariTomohide Yamada(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Lijing L. YanYuichiro Yano(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mehdi YaseriYasin Jemal Yasin(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Alex YeshanehEbrahim M Yimer(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Paul YipEngida YismaNaohiro YonemotoSeok‐Jun Yoon(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Marcel YotebiengMustafa Z YounisMahmoud Yousefifard(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Chuanhua YuZoubida ZaidiSojib Bin Zaman(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Mohammad ZamaniLuis Zavala‐ArciniegaAnthony Lin ZhangHao Zhang(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Kai ZhangMaigeng ZhouStephanie R M Zimsen(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Sanjay Zodpey(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)Christopher J L Murray

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Abstract

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Health disparities and outcomes Climate Change and Health Impacts Global Public Health Policies and EpidemiologyRisk assessmentMedicineRelative riskEnvironmental healthCohort studyEstimationCounterfactual thinkingDemographyConfidence intervalPsychology

MeSH terms

Global Burden of DiseaseHealth Risk BehaviorsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolEnvironmental ExposureFemaleDisabled PersonsPersons with DisabilitiesHumansInfantInfant, Newborn

Funding

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
University of Colorado Denver
Abbott Diagnostics
Alborz University of Medical Sciences
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
University of Namibia
H. Lundbeck A/S
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Alzheimer's Association
Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
Amgen
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Eli Lilly and Company
Pfizer
AstraZeneca
GlaxoSmithKline
Sanofi
Yale University
Gilead Sciences
University of Southern California
Kaiser Permanente
George Mason University
Simmons College
United Nations Population Fund
Ohio State University
Emory University
Oklahoma State University
San Diego State University
Texas Tech University
Harvard University
Cleveland Clinic
Universitetet i Tromsø
Arizona State University
Aix-Marseille Université
Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave
Aarhus Universitet
Durban University of Technology
American University of Beirut
Michigan State University
Danone
Helsingin Yliopisto
University of Washington
Tulane University
Johns Hopkins University
University of Louisville
University of Oklahoma
Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
University of Otago
Universität Basel
Burnet Institute
University of Ottawa
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
University of South Florida
Lawson Health Research Institute
Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medicum
Universiti Brunei Darussalam
West Virginia University
Birmingham City University
Arabian Gulf University
University of West Florida
South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute
Seattle Children's Research Institute
University of Chichester
Wellcome Trust
Anglia Ruskin University
Public Health Agency of Canada
Valeant Pharmaceuticals International
Brien Holden Vision Institute
University of Massachusetts Boston
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Scottish Government
National Center for Global Health and Medicine
Università degli Studi di Milano
Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Novavax
Amarin Corporation
Horizon Pharmaceuticals
Bloomberg Philanthropies
Aksum University
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCS
Duke-NUS Medical School
Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham Charity
University of Occupational and Environmental Health
Teikyo University School of Medicine
Central University of Tamil Nadu
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
Ahmadu Bello University
Trường Đại học Duy Tân
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
University of Embu
Krishna Institute Of Medical Sciences Deemed To Be University
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology
Maragheh University of Medical Sciences
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
University of Alberta
National Institute for Health and Care Research
University of Leicester
University of Southampton
University of Warwick
Imperial College London
King's College London
University College London
University of Oxford
European Commission
University of Glasgow
Australian Catholic University
National Heart Foundation of Australia
La Trobe University
University of Tasmania
National University of Singapore
Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
Indian Council of Medical Research
Singapore Eye Research Institute
Public Health Agency
University College Cork
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
University of New South Wales
Deakin University
RMIT University
University of Melbourne
Flinders University
Griffith University
Queensland University of Technology
Curtin University of Technology
University of Canberra
Universiteit Utrecht
Public Health England
Ain Shams University
Sun Yat-sen University
Kosin University
Seoul National University
Yonsei University
Kyung Hee University
Korea University
Banaras Hindu University
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Central South University
Chalmers Tekniska Högskola
Daiichi-Sankyo
Dalhousie University
Bundesministerium für Gesundheit
Lunds Universitet
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Korea Health Industry Development Institute
Ministry of Health and Medical Education
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Jordan University of Science and Technology
Karolinska Institutet
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Novo Nordisk
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Seoul National University Hospital
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Tampereen Yliopisto
Universiteit Gent
Universiti Malaya
Università degli Studi di Firenze
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Kuwait University
Politechnika Czestochowska
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Université de Bourgogne
Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
Taipei Medical University
National Health Research Institutes
Haramaya University
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Umeå Universitet
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Astellas Pharma
Universitetet i Bergen
Jimma University
Shiraz University
Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Universidad de Costa Rica
Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
Universitetet i Oslo
Hacettepe Üniversitesi
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Universidade de São Paulo
Uniwersytet Łódzki
Babol University of Medical Sciences
University of Haifa
Universität Bielefeld
Göteborgs Universitet
Universitat de Barcelona
Högskolan Dalarna
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
Universidad de Chile
Bahir Dar University
Università di Bologna
United Arab Emirates University
Université de Bordeaux
Medical University - Varna
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
National Taiwan University
University of Dhaka
University of Tsukuba
Universidade do Porto
Università degli Studi di Salerno
University of Cape Town
National Research University Higher School of Economics
Urmia University
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
University of the Philippines
Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie "Carol Davila" Bucureşti
University of Tabriz
Tartu Ülikool
Addis Ababa University
University of South Africa
Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny W Szczecinie
University of Hail
NSW Ministry of Health
Xiamen University
University of Peradeniya
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
Mansoura University
Hawassa University
University of Colombo
Alexandria University
Medizinische Universität Graz
Fakultet Medicinskih Nauka, Univerziteta U Kragujevcu
University of Thessaly
Umweltbundesamt
Servier
Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences
Kurdistan University Of Medical Sciences
Menzies Institute for Medical Research
Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences
Menzies Health Institute Queensland
Samara University
Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit
Duke Kunshan University
Universidade Federal de Sergipe
Bispebjerg Hospital
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Western Sydney University
Rede de Química e Tecnologia
Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Alfaisal University
Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen
National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
George Institute for Global Health
Debre Markos University
Debre Tabor University
Uniwersytet Opolski
Cochrane South Africa
Robert Koch Institut
National Institutes of Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Directorate for Biological Sciences
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
College of Engineering, Michigan State University
University of California, Los Angeles
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
University of California, San Diego
Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Health Canada
Medical Research Council
National Health and Medical Research Council
Sydney Medical School
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Wageningen University and Research
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre
Center for International Health
Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam
Biomedical Research Council
NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
National Institute of Mental Health
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
NIH Clinical Center
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill