The rainbow of flora: Natural dyes from different plant sources

Abstract

Increasing awareness of the environmental and health hazards posed by synthetic dyes has led to a resurgence of interest in natural dyes as sustainable alternatives. This study explores the dyeing potential of various plant species traditionally and currently employed for natural colorant extraction. Dyes sourced from different plant parts such as roots, leaves, flowers, peels, and fruits were examined for their phytochemical constituents, coloration properties, and ecological impact. Particular focus was given to extraction techniques, the influence of mordants on colour development and fixation, and the assessment of colour fastness on textile substrates. A series of qualitative tests, including water solubility, pH reactivity, and thermal stability, were used to validate dye authenticity. The study also emphasizes the ethnobotanical relevance of dye-yielding plants and highlights their diverse applications in textiles, cosmetics, food, and artisanal products. The results support the use of plant-derived dyes as environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and commercially viable alternatives, reinforcing their role in promoting sustainable industrial practices and reducing ecological footprints in the dyeing industry.