Pharmacological and pharmaceutical aspects of herbal medicines: A review

Abstract

Herbal medicine has been a cornerstone of traditional healthcare systems for thousands of years, with a rich history and cultural significance in many parts of the world, including India. The World Health Organization defines herbal medicine as the use of plants, plant extracts, and other plant-based materials for therapeutic purposes. Herbal medicines have been used to treat a wide range of ailments, from digestive disorders to respiratory diseases and cardiovascular conditions. Pharmacological aspects of herbal medicines including the bioactive compounds present in herbal medicines, such as alkaloids, terpenes, and flavonoids, have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. This review aims to provide an overview of the traditional medicinal practice of Ayurveda, the mechanisms of action of herbal medicines, and their therapeutic applications. Also discuss the pharmaceutical aspects of herbal medicines, including extraction and isolation methods, formulation and delivery systems, quality control and standardization. With the growing interest in traditional and complementary medicine, herbal medicines offer a promising approach to healthcare, with potential benefits including reduced side effects and improved overall well-being.