Color cosmetics: Extraction and application of plant based pigments in the formulation of cream blush

Abstract

The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of natural cream blushes using plant-based pigments derived from red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris). Three formulations were developed: F1 (beetroot pigment), F2 (red sandalwood pigment), and F3 (a combination of both). These natural pigments were extracted using simple, extraction methods and incorporated into a cream base to replace synthetic colorants in cosmetics. All formulations were evaluated for physical characteristics (appearance, color, odor, texture), physicochemical parameters (pH, total fatty content, residue, thermal stability), microbial, and dermal compatibility. Additionally, FTIR spectral analysis was conducted to confirm the stability and integration of bioactive pigments within the cream base. The results confirmed that all cream blushes exhibited smooth texture, stable pH (6.88-7.45), good thermal stability, and absence of skin irritation. Heavy metal content (lead and arsenic) and microbial load were within permissible cosmetic limits, ensuring product safety. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups (O-H, C=O, C=C, C-H, and C-O), indicating successful incorporation of pigments without degradation with the cream base. Among the formulations, F3 exhibited a rich pink shade with slightly moderate color stability compared to F1 and F2, which remained more stable.