Hidden treasures: Exploring the bioactive compounds and medicinal properties of under-exploited fruits

Abstract

Secondary metabolites from plants that have an impact on both people and animals are called bioactive substances. Because the bioactive components of plant extracts have antibacterial characteristics, they have been employed as antimicrobial agents since ancient times. Natural food products include a wide range of bioactive ingredients, particularly in vegetables, fruits, herbs, spices, oils, and whole grains. These include phenolic compounds, carotenoids, minerals, fatty acids, vitamins, peptides, and amino acids. It is also used in many other plant sciences, modern pharmacology, nanoscience, agrochemicals, cosmetics, the food industry, and geomedicine. Underutilized fruits offer a significant reservoir of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits, but they are often overlooked in regular agricultural operations. This thorough examination sheds light on the nutritional and medicinal significance of the many different bioactive compounds found in neglected fruits. These fruits have strong antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, They have anticancer and antioxidant capabilities due to their high concentrations of bioactive substances including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, and dietary fibers. This article explores the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of many neglected fruits from various geographic locations, with a focus on their possible uses in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and medications. In addition, elements including genetic diversity, climate, and postharvest management practices that affect the bioactive content of underutilized fruits are discussed. In addition, elements including genetic diversity, climate, and postharvest management practices that affect the bioactive content of underutilized fruits are discussed. Knowing the bioactive ingredients in underutilized fruits highlights the need to preserve and use these fruits to advance human health and well-being in addition to illuminating their nutritional value.