The enrichment of live feeds: An inquiry for feeding at early stages of fish

Abstract

Artemia and daphnia are well known as the most suitable live feeds for larviculture. The appropriate size, easy digest, and high nutritional value are the main criteria to choose as a live feed in early stage of fish. Some of essential fatty acids are low in this species and the enrichment is one of other ways to improve the fatty acids. Thus, it can be the appropriate feed to fulfill the nutritional requirement of larvae. Mostly, enrichment have been done using the source of high content of lipid such as oil enrichment, the dose 2-3 ml/l of oil source enrichment could give a positive impact to the nutritional value of larva, increase the survival rate, and boost the growth performance. Recently, the utilities of live feeds facing the reality of sustainable issues such as the availability of pure strain, pathogen free, and the high maintenance of environmental condition. It could be the major limit for small-scale industry to ensure the quality and sustainability of live feeds. Many studies have been carried out to magnificent this problems. This paper discuss about the various enrichments for the most used live feeds in larviculture, such as Artemia, Moina, Daphnia, and Infusoria. The proximate analysis also become the additional information such as the increasing of protein contents in higher dose of enrichment.