Antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and GCMS analysis of fruit extract of Solanum nigrum L.

Abstract

Solanum nigrum is an important plant in traditional Indian medicines. Infusions are used in dysentery, stomach complaints, and fever. In India, the berries are casually grown and eaten for maintaining good health. The study aims to evaluate antioxidant, antibacterial activities and GC-MS analysis of ethanol fruit extract of Solanum nigrum. The antioxidant assays such as DPPH˙ radical, superoxide radical, ABTS˙+ radical cation, phoshomolybdenum reduction and Fe3+ reducing power assays were carried out for fruit extract. The maximum DPPH˙ radical scavenging activity was 73.16±5.12% at 120 µg/mL concentrations and the IC50 was 81.02 μg/mL concentrations. The maximum superoxide radical scavenging activity was 60.06±4.20% at 120 μg/mL concentrations and the IC50 was 57.82 μg/mL. The maximum ABTS˙+ radical cation scavenging activity was 67.70± 4.73% at 60 µg/mL concentrations and the IC50 was 35.56 μg/mL concentrations. The maximum phosphomolybdenum reduction was 96.77± 6.77% at 120 µg/mL concentrations and the RC50 was 21.25 μg/mL concentrations. The maximum Fe3+ reduction was 72.10± 5.04% at 120 µg/mL concentrations and the RC50 was 63.74 μg/mL concentrations. The antibacterial activity showed maximum zone of inhibition of 25 mm for Escherichia coli at 625 µg/mL concentration. GC-MS analysis showed presence of antioxidant compounds such as flavone and oleic acid in the fruit extract of Solanum nigrum.