Comparison of placenta previa and abruptio placenta and its maternal and perinatal outcome

Abstract

Background: Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) continues to be a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Its prevalance is 0.5-5%. Authors evaluated the cases of placenta previa and abruptio placenta studied the comparison of its effects on maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: In this prospective study of one year 109 cases of placenta previa and abruptio placenta were studied. Data was recorded on MS excel sheet for further analysis and processing.Results: Out of total 6693 deliveries a total 150 patients were admitted with APH. 109 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for our study. The incidence of APH in our institute is 2.24% and 1.62% were cases of placenta previa and abruptio placenta, rest cases were of undertermined origin and not included in this study. Among 109 deliveries there were 3 twins and 1 triplet so the total number of neonates delivered were 114. Perinatal mortality was observed in 31% of cases. Most common cause are maternal haemorrhage leading to fetal shock. The comparison between placenta previa and abruption and its maternal and perinatal outcome was studied.Conclusions: Antepartum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mobidity and mortality. Placenta previa is commonly associated with multipara and patients having obstetrical surgical history. Whereas abruption is commonly seen in patients with hypertension and primigavida. Abruptio placenta has more severe degree of haemorrhage and strongly associated with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.