Comparison of placenta previa and abruptio placenta and it’s maternal and perinatal outcome

Abstract

Introduction: One of the major causes of the perinatal mortality and morbidity is Antepartum hemorrhage with a prevalence of 0.5 to 5%. The major causes of antepartum hemorrhage are Abruptio placenta and Placenta previa. This study is to compare abruption placenta with placenta previa to establish their effects on perinatal mortality and morbidity.Study: Prospective cohort study.Time period: 01/02/2018 to 30/11/2019Method: In this study, a total of 112 cases of antepartum hemorrhage were studied which may be due to either abruption placenta or placenta previa.Result: A total of 154 pregnant women were admitted with APH. These 154 cases were admitted from 6700 deliveries conducted over a year. 112 patients out of 154 were accepted into the study as they fulfilled the inclusive criteria. There were 2 twin among these and total number of neonates delivered were 114.The incidence of abruption placenta and placenta previa in our study were Out of total 6693 deliveries a total 150 patients were admitted with APH. Perinatal mortality was observed in 31% of cases. Most common cause are maternal haemorrhage leading to fetal shock. The comparison between placenta previa and abruption and its maternal and perinatal outcome was studied.Conclusion: Antepartum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mobidity and mortality. Placenta previa is more common cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity followed by antepartum hemorrhage. Placenta previa is commonly associated with multipara and patients having obstetrical surgical history, whereas abruption is commonly seen in patients with hypertensive disorders and primigavida. Abruptio placenta has more severe degree of haemorrhage and strongly associated with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.