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Planck2015 results

Astronomy and Astrophysics · 2016 · Vol. 594 · pp. A1–A1

R. Adam✉(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)P. A. R. Ade(Cardiff University)N. Aghanim(Université Paris-Sud)Y. Akrami(University of Oslo)M. I. R. Alves(Université Paris-Sud)F. Argüeso(Universidad de Oviedo)M. Arnaud(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Frederico Arroja(National Taiwan University)M. Ashdown(University of Cambridge)J. Aumont(Université Paris-Sud)C. Baccigalupi(Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati)M. Ballardini(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna)A. J. Banday(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)R. B. Barreiro(Universidad de Cantabria)J. G. Bartlett(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)N. Bartolo(University of Padua)S. Basak(Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati)P Battaglia(University of Trieste)E. Battaner(Universidad de Granada)Richard A. Battye(University of Manchester)K. Benabed(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)A. Benoı̂t(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)A. Benoit-Lévy(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)J.-P. Bernard(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Bersanelli(University of Milan)B. Bertincourt(Université Paris-Sud)P. Bielewicz(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)I. Bikmaev(Kazan Federal University)J. J. Bock(California Institute of Technology)H. Böhringer(Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics)A. Bonaldi(University of Manchester)L. Bonavera(Universidad de Oviedo)J. R. Bond(University of Toronto)J. Borrill(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)F. R. Bouchet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)F. Boulanger(Université Paris-Sud)M. Bucher(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)R. Burenin(Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology)C. Burigana(University of Ferrara)R. C. Butler(National Institute for Astrophysics)Erminia Calabrese(University of Oxford)J.-F. Cardoso(Télécom Paris)P. Carvalho(University of Cambridge)B. Casaponsa(Universidad de Cantabria)G. Castex(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)A. Catalano(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)A. Challinor(University of Cambridge)A. Chamballu(Université Paris-Sud)Ranga‐Ram Chary(California Institute of Technology)H. C. Chiang(Princeton University)Jens Chluba(Bloomberg (United States))G. Chon(Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics)P. R. ChristensenS. Church(Stanford University)M. Clemens(Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova)D. L. Clements(Imperial College London)S. Colombi(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)L. P. L. Colombo(University of Southern California)Céline Combet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)B. Comis(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)D. Contreras(University of British Columbia)F. Couchot(Université Paris-Sud)A. Coulais(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)B. P. Crill(California Institute of Technology)M. Cruz(Universidad de Cantabria)A. Curto(Universidad de Cantabria)F. Cuttaia(National Institute for Astrophysics)L. Danese(Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati)R. D. Davies(University of Manchester)R. J. Davis(University of Manchester)P. de Bernardis(Sapienza University of Rome)A. de Rosa(National Institute for Astrophysics)G. de Zotti(Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati)J. Delabrouille(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)J.‐M. Delouis(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)F.–X. Désert(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Eleonora Di Valentino(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)C. L. Dickinson(University of Manchester)J. M. Diego(Universidad de Cantabria)K. Dolag(Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics)H. Dole(Université Paris-Sud)S. Donzelli(National Institute for Astrophysics)O. Doré(California Institute of Technology)M. Douspis(Université Paris-Sud)A. Ducout(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)J. Dunkley(University of Oxford)X. Dupac(European Space Astronomy Centre)G. Efstathiou(University of Cambridge)Peter Eisenhardt(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)F. Elsner(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)T. A. Enßlin(Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics)H. K. Eriksen(University of Oslo)É. Falgarone(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Y. Fantaye(University of Rome Tor Vergata)M. Farhang(University of Toronto)Stephen M. Feeney(Imperial College London)J. Fergusson(University of Cambridge)R. Fernández-Cobos(Universidad de Cantabria)F. Feroz(University of Cambridge)F. Finelli⋆(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna)E. Florido(Universidad de Granada)O. Forni(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Frailis(Trieste Astronomical Observatory)A. A. Fraisse(Princeton University)C. Franceschet(University of Milan)E. Franceschi(National Institute for Astrophysics)A. FrejselA. Frolov(Simon Fraser University)S. Galeotta(Trieste Astronomical Observatory)S. Galli(University of Chicago)K. Ganga(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)C. Gauthier(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)R. T. Génova-Santos(Universidad de La Laguna)M. Gerbino(Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics)T. Ghosh(Université Paris-Sud)M. Giard(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Y. Giraud–Héraud(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Elena Giusarma(Sapienza University of Rome)E. Gjerløw(University of Oslo)J. González-Nuevo(Universidad de Cantabria)K. M. Górski(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)K. Grainge(University of Cambridge)S. Gratton(University of Cambridge)A. Gregorio(University of Trieste)A. Gruppuso(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna)J. E. Gudmundsson(Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics)J. Hamann(The University of Sydney)Will Handley(University of Cambridge)F. K. Hansen(University of Oslo)D. Hanson(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)D. L. Harrison(University of Cambridge)Alan Heavens(Imperial College London)G. Hélou(California Institute of Technology)S. Henrot–Versillé(Université Paris-Sud)C. Hernández-Monteagudo(Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics)D. Herranz(Universidad de Cantabria)S. R. Hildebrandt(California Institute of Technology)E. Hivon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Hobson(University of Cambridge)W. A. Holmes(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)A. Hornstrup(Technical University of Denmark)W. Hovest(Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics)Zhiqi Huang(University of Toronto)K. M. Huffenberger(Florida State University)G. Hurier(Université Paris-Sud)S. Ilić(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)A. H. Jaffe(Imperial College London)T. R. Jaffe(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)T. Jin(University of Cambridge)W. C. Jones(Princeton University)M. Juvela(University of Helsinki)A. Karakci(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)E. Keihänen(University of Helsinki)R. Keskitalo(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)I. Khamitov(Akdeniz University)K. Kiiveri(University of Helsinki)J. Kim(Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics)T. S. Kisner(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)R. Kneißl(Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array)J. Knoche(Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics)L. Knox(University of California, Davis)N. Krachmalnicoff(University of Milan)M. Kunz(Université Paris-Sud)H. Kurki‐Suonio(University of Helsinki)F. Lacasa(Université Paris-Sud)G. Lagache(Université Paris-Sud)A. Lähteenmäki(University of Helsinki)J.-M. Lamarre(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Langer(Université Paris-Sud)A. Lasenby(University of Cambridge)M. Lattanzi(University of Ferrara)C. R. Lawrence(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)M. Le Jeune(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)J. P. Leahy(University of Manchester)E. Lellouch(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)R. LeonardiJ. León-Tavares(University of Turku)J. Lesgourgues(European Organization for Nuclear Research)F. Levrier(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Antony Lewis(University of Sussex)M. Liguori(University of Padua)P. B. Lilje(University of Oslo)M. Lilley(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Linden-Vørnle(Technical University of Denmark)V. Lindholm(University of Helsinki)Hao LiuM. López-Caniego(European Space Astronomy Centre)P. M. Lubin(University of California, Santa Barbara)Yin-Zhe Ma(University of Manchester)J. F. Macías–Pérez(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)G. Maggio(Trieste Astronomical Observatory)D. Maino(University of Milan)D. S. Y. Mak(University of Cambridge)N. Mandolesi(University of Ferrara)A. Mangilli(Université Paris-Sud)A. Marchini(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)A. Marcos-Caballero(Universidad de Cantabria)Domenico Marinucci(University of Rome Tor Vergata)M. Maris(Trieste Astronomical Observatory)D. J. Marshall(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)P. G. Martin(University of Toronto)M. Martinelli(Heidelberg University)E. Martínez-González(Universidad de Cantabria)S. Masi(Sapienza University of Rome)S. Matarrese(University of Padua)P. Mazzotta(University of Rome Tor Vergata)J. D. McEwen(University College London)P. McGehee(California Institute of Technology)Y. Mellier(California Institute of Technology)P. R. Meinhold(University of California, Santa Barbara)A. Melchiorri(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)J.‐B. Melin(Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives)L. Mendes(European Space Astronomy Centre)A. Mennella(University of Milan)M. Migliaccio(University of Cambridge)K. Mikkelsen(University of Oslo)M. Millea(University of California, Davis)S. Mitra(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)M.-A. Miville-Deschênes(Université Paris-Sud)D. Molinari(University of Ferrara)A. Moneti(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)L. Montier(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)R. Moreno(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)G. Morgante(National Institute for Astrophysics)D. Mortlock(Imperial College London)A. Moss(University of Nottingham)S. Mottet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Moritz Münchmeyer(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)D. Munshi(Cardiff University)J. A. Murphy(National University of Ireland, Maynooth)A. Narimani(University of British Columbia)P. NaselskyA. Nastasi(Université Paris-Sud)F. Nati(Princeton University)P. Natoli(University of Ferrara)M. Negrello(Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova)C. B. Netterfield(University of Toronto)H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen(Technical University of Denmark)F. Noviello(University of Manchester)D. I. Novikov(Russian Academy of Sciences)I. Novikov(Russian Academy of Sciences)M. Olamaie(University of Cambridge)Niels Oppermann(University of Toronto)E. Orlando(SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)C. A. Oxborrow(Technical University of Denmark)F. Paci(Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati)L. Pagano(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I)François Pajot(Université Paris-Sud)R. Paladini(California Institute of Technology)Stefania Pandolfi(University of Copenhagen)D. Paoletti(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna)Bruce Partridge(Haverford College)F. Pasian(Trieste Astronomical Observatory)G. Patanchon(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)T. J. Pearson(California Institute of Technology)M. Peel(University of Manchester)Hiranya V. Peiris(University College London)V.-M. Pelkonen(California Institute of Technology)O. Perdereau(Université Paris-Sud)L. Perotto(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Y. C. Perrott(University of Cambridge)F. Perrotta(Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati)V. Pettorino(Heidelberg University)F. Piacentini(Sapienza University of Rome)M. Piat(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)E. Pierpaoli(University of Southern California)D. Pietrobon(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)S. Plaszczynski(Université Paris-Sud)D. Pogosyan(University of Alberta)É. Pointecouteau(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)G. Polenta(Astronomical Observatory of Rome)L. Popa(Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary)G. W. Pratt(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)G. Prézeau(California Institute of Technology)S. Prunet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)J.‐L. Puget(Université Paris-Sud)J. P. Rachen(Radboud University Nijmegen)B. Racine(University of Oslo)W. T. Reach(Universities Space Research Association)R. Rébolo(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas)M. Reinecke(Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics)M. Remazeilles(Université Paris-Sud)C. Renault(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)A. Renzi(University of Rome Tor Vergata)I. Ristorcelli(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)G. Rocha(California Institute of Technology)M. Roman(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)E. Romelli(University of Trieste)C. Rosset(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)M. Rossetti(University of Milan)Aditya Rotti(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)G. Roudier(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)B. Rouillé d’Orfeuil(Université Paris-Sud)M. Rowan-Robinson(Imperial College London)J. A. Rubiño-Martín(Universidad de La Laguna)B. Ruiz-Granados(Universidad de Granada)C. Rumsey(University of Cambridge)B. Rusholme(California Institute of Technology)Najla Said(Sapienza University of Rome)Valentina Salvatelli(Aix-Marseille Université)L. Salvati(Sapienza University of Rome)M. Sandri(National Institute for Astrophysics)H. S. Sanghera(University of Cambridge)D. Santos(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)Richard D. E. Saunders(University of Cambridge)A. Sauvé(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)М. Савелайнен(University of Helsinki)G. Savini(University College London)B. Schaefer(Heidelberg University)M. P. Schammel(University of Cambridge)D. Scott(University of British Columbia)M. D. Seiffert(California Institute of Technology)P. Serra(Université Paris-Sud)E. P. S. Shellard(University of Cambridge)T. W. Shimwell(Leiden University)Maresuke Shiraishi(University of Padua)Kendrick M. Smith(Perimeter Institute)Tarun Souradeep(Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics)L. D. Spencer(Cardiff University)Marta Spinelli(Université Paris-Sud)S. A. Stanford(University of California, Davis)Daniel Stern(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)V. Stolyarov(Kazan Federal University)R. Stompor(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)A. W. Strong(Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics)R. Sudiwala(Cardiff University)R. Sunyaev(Space Research Institute)P. M. Sutter(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)D. Sutton(University of Cambridge)A.-S. Suur-Uski(University of Helsinki)J.-F. Sygnet(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)J. A. Tauber(European Space Research and Technology Centre)D. Tavagnacco(University of Trieste)L. Terenzi(Università degli Studi eCampus)D. Texier(European Space Astronomy Centre)L. Toffolatti(Universidad de Cantabria)M. Tomasi(University of Milan)M. Tornikoski(Aalto University)D. Tramonte(Universidad de La Laguna)M. Tristram(Université Paris-Sud)A. Troja(University of Milan)T. Trombetti(University of Ferrara)M. Tucci(University of Geneva)J. Tuovinen(Trinity College Dublin)M. Türler(University of Geneva)G. Umana(Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania)L. Valenziano(National Institute for Astrophysics)J. Väliviita(University of Helsinki)F. Van Tent(Université Paris-Sud)T. Vassallo(Trieste Astronomical Observatory)L. Vibert(Université Paris-Sud)Matías Vidal(University of Manchester)Matteo Viel(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)P. Vielva(Universidad de Cantabria)F. Villa(National Institute for Astrophysics)L. A. Wade(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)B. Walter(Haverford College)B. D. Wandelt(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)R. A. Watson(University of Manchester)I. K. Wehus(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)N. Welikala(University of Oxford)J. Weller(Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)Martin White(Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics)S. D. M. White(Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics)A. Wilkinson(University of Manchester)D. Yvon(Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives)A. Zacchei(Trieste Astronomical Observatory)J. P. Zibin(University of British Columbia)A. Zonca(University of California, Santa Barbara)

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Abstract

The European Space Agency’s Planck satellite, which is dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched on 14 May 2009. It scanned the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously between 12 August 2009 and 23 October 2013. In February 2015, ESA and the Planck Collaboration released the second set of cosmology products based ondata from the entire Planck mission, including both temperature and polarization, along with a set of scientific and technical papers and a web-based explanatory supplement. This paper gives an overview of the main characteristics of the data and the data products in the release, as well as the associated cosmological and astrophysical science results and papers. The data products include maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, diffuse foregrounds in temperature and polarization, catalogues of compact Galactic and extragalactic sources (including separate catalogues of Sunyaev-Zeldovich clusters and Galactic cold clumps), and extensive simulations of signals and noise used in assessing uncertainties and the performance of the analysis methods. The likelihood code used to assess cosmological models against the Planck data is described, along with a CMB lensing likelihood. Scientific results include cosmological parameters derived from CMB power spectra, gravitational lensing, and cluster counts, as well as constraints on inflation, non-Gaussianity, primordial magnetic fields, dark energy, and modified gravity, and new results on low-frequency Galactic foregrounds.

Cosmology and Gravitation Theories Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect Dark Matter and Cosmic PhenomenaPhysicsPlanckAstrophysicsAstronomy