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Probing the Nature of Defects in Graphene by Raman Spectroscopy

Nano Letters · 2012 · Vol. 12(8) · pp. 3925–3930

Axel Eckmann✉(University of Manchester)Alexandre Felten(Freie Universität Berlin)Artem Mishchenko(University of Manchester)L. Britnell(University of Manchester)Ralph Krupke(Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)Kostya S. Novoselov(University of Manchester)Cinzia Casiraghi(Freie Universität Berlin)

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Abstract

Raman spectroscopy is able to probe disorder in graphene through defect-activated peaks. It is of great interest to link these features to the nature of disorder. Here we present a detailed analysis of the Raman spectra of graphene containing different type of defects. We found that the intensity ratio of the D and D' peak is maximum (∼13) for sp(3)-defects, it decreases for vacancy-like defects (∼7), and it reaches a minimum for boundaries in graphite (∼3.5). This makes Raman Spectroscopy a powerful tool to fully characterize graphene.

Graphene research and applications Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research Carbon Nanotubes in CompositesRaman spectroscopyGrapheneMaterials scienceVacancy defectGraphiteSpectroscopyNanotechnologyChemistryCrystallographyOptics

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