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Orexigenic Action of Peripheral Ghrelin Is Mediated by Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-Related Protein

Endocrinology · 2004 · Vol. 145(6) · pp. 2607–2612

H. Y. Chen✉(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))Myrna E. Trumbauer(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))A. S. Chen(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))Drew T. Weingarth(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))J. R. Adams(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))Easter G. Frazier(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))Zhu Shen(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))Donald J. Marsh(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))Scott D. Feighner(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))Xiao-Ming Guan(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))Zixuan Ye(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))Ravi P. Nargund(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))R G Smith(Baylor College of Medicine)L. H. T. Van der Ploeg(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))Andrew Howard(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))Douglas J. MacNeil(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))Su Qian(Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States))

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Abstract

Ghrelin, a stomach-derived orexigenic hormone, has stimulated great interest as a potential target for obesity control. Pharmacological evidence indicates that ghrelin's effects on food intake are mediated by neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) in the central nervous system. These include intracerebroventricular application of antibodies to neutralize NPY and AgRP, and the application of an NPY Y1 receptor antagonist, which blocks some of the orexigenic effects of ghrelin. Here we describe treatment of Agrp(-/-);Npy(-/-) and Mc3r(-/-);Mc4r(-/-) double knockout mice as well as Npy(-/-) and Agrp(-/-) single knockout mice with either ghrelin or an orally active nonpeptide ghrelin agonist. The data demonstrate that NPY and AgRP are required for the orexigenic effects of ghrelin, as well as the involvement of the melanocortin pathway in ghrelin signaling. Our results outline a functional interaction between the NPY and AgRP pathways. Although deletion of either NPY or AgRP caused only a modest or nondetectable effect, ablation of both ligands completely abolished the orexigenic action of ghrelin. Our results establish an in vivo orexigenic function for NPY and AgRP, mediating the effect of ghrelin.

Regulation of Appetite and Obesity Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques Neuropeptides and Animal PhysiologyOrexigenicInternal medicineEndocrinologyNeuropeptide Y receptorGhrelinPeripheralNeuropeptideMedicineChemistryBiology

MeSH terms

AnimalsAppetiteMice, Inbred C57BLNeuropeptide YProteinsMice, KnockoutIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsPeptide HormonesReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledReceptor, Melanocortin, Type 3Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4MiceAgouti-Related ProteinGhrelinReceptors, Ghrelin

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Ghrelin and the short- and long-term regulation of appetite and body weight