Studies on functional properties of male silk moth powder

Abstract

Large quantities of male silk moths (Bombyx mori L.) are generated as biological waste during grainage operations and discarded after mating. This study evaluated the biochemical composition and functional bioactivities of male silk moth powder to assess its potential for sustainable valorization. Dried moths were powdered and extracted using polar (methanol) and non-polar (chloroform) solvents. Extracts were analyzed for phenolic and flavonoid contents, carbohydrate and protein levels, and biological activities including α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition, antioxidant activity (DPPH assay), and antibacterial potential. Polar extracts contained significantly higher phenolics (103.88-256.05 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (4.90-12.84 mg QE/g) than non-polar extracts (57.32-132.76 mg GAE/g and 2.74-8.75 mg QE/g). Carbohydrate and protein contents were also higher in polar extracts, reaching 52.66 mg/g and 54.37%, respectively. Polar extracts showed strong, concentration-dependent α-glucosidase (21.43-62.86%) and α-amylase (39.92-53.19%) inhibition and superior antioxidant activity, while antibacterial activity was negligible. These findings indicate that male silk moth powder is a rich source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antidiabetic potential, supporting its application as a functional ingredient and a sustainable solution for sericultural waste management.