Oleosomes: An emerging drug carriers and stability enhancer of natural products

Abstract

Oleosomes are submicron oil entities with remarkable interfacial stability, oxidative resistance and biocompatibility. They are made up of a triacylglycerol core covered by a phospholipid monolayer where proteins are embedded. For highly lipophilic substances their architecture allows for solvent-free extraction, self-emulsification and high efficieny. By facilitating targeted delivery techniques like magnetically guided chemotherapy and improving oral bioavailability through lymphatic uptake, oleosomes considerably lower the tumor burden in vivo. Recent developments in oleosome research, such as botanical sources, green extraction techniques, interfacial engineering, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic uses in metabolic disorders, cancer, dermatology and regenerative medicine are covered in this review. Strategies like hybrid oleosome-liposome systems and modified oleosins are being used to solve major problems such poor hydrophilic drug loading, allergenicity, and regulatory concerns.