Comparative phytochemical, antimicrobial, and indicator potential of Dianthus plumarius and Tecoma stans flower extracts

Abstract

The increasing demand for environmentally sustainable and natural alternatives in medicinal and analytical sciences has spurred extensive research into plant-based extracts with diverse functional roles. This study investigates and compares the phytochemical makeup, antimicrobial efficacy, and indicator potential of floral extracts derived from Dianthus plumarius and Tecoma stans. Flowers from both plants underwent solvent extraction, followed by qualitative phytochemical analysis confirming the presence of active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. Dianthus plumarius extract was further evaluated for its effectiveness as a natural pH indicator in acid-base titrations, demonstrating visible color transitions akin to conventional indicators. Additionally, its methanolic extract exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, indicating its suitability as a natural antimicrobial agent. Although Tecoma stans was not tested for these secondary applications, its phytochemical richness suggests therapeutic relevance. These findings endorse the integration of floral extracts into eco-friendly chemical and medical applications.