Probiotics and prebiotics (MOS, FOS, XOS and Combinations): Synergistic action on the antioxidant capacity and immune parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

The present study evaluated the immunomodulatory and antioxidative responses of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with diets supplemented with probiotics, prebiotics (mannan-oligosaccharides [MOS], fructo-oligosaccharides [FOS], and xylo-oligosaccharides [XOS]), and their combinations. Twelve experimental treatments were formulated, including a control (T1), individual and combined prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics. Key immune parameters such as Total Haemocyte Count (THC), Phagocytic Activity (PA), Melanin Production, and levels of immunoglobulin-like proteins were measured alongside antioxidant markers including Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC). Results revealed significant enhancements (p < 0.05) in all immunological and antioxidative indices across the treatment groups compared to the control, with the highest values consistently observed in the T12 group (MOS + FOS + XOS + Probiotic). This indicates a synergistic effect between the prebiotic components and probiotic strains (Bacillus licheniformis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus), leading to improved immune defense and oxidative stress resilience in shrimp. The findings suggest that synbiotic-based functional feeds can be a promising strategy for boosting shrimp health and immunity in intensive aquaculture systems. These natural feed additives offer a sustainable alternative to conventional chemotherapeutics, potentially improving disease resistance and production outcomes in commercial shrimp farming.