Optimization of spawning rates and substrate-supplement combinations for enhanced yield and quality of Pleurotus spp. in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

The cultivation of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.) is an increasingly significant agro-industry in India due to its high nutritional value, low input costs, and ability to utilize agricultural waste. This research was undertaken to evaluate the effect of varying spawning rates and different substrate-supplement combinations on the yield and quality of Pleurotus species under the climatic conditions of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Five Pleurotus species, namely P. sajor-caju, P. florida, P. djamor, P. cornucopiae, and P. ostreatus, were studied. The spawning rates tested included 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% based on the dry weight of the substrate. In parallel, twelve combinations of substrates (wheat straw, paddy straw, corn cob) and organic supplements (cottonseed cake, wheat bran, legume husk) were analyzed for their effect on yield and biological efficiency. The results revealed that a 6% spawning rate yielded the best performance in terms of both yield and biological efficiency, balancing colonization time and resource use. Among the substrate combinations, soybean straw supplemented with cottonseed cake showed the highest productivity, followed closely by cotton stalks supplemented with legume husk. These findings suggest that optimal spawning and substrate strategies can significantly enhance the profitability and sustainability of mushroom cultivation in subtropical regions. The research offers valuable insights and practical recommendations for farmers and commercial cultivators aiming to improve the efficiency and quality of oyster mushroom production.