Comparative study of the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of extracts of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) before and after extraction of its essential oil

Abstract

Hydrodistillation is a technique for the extraction of essential oils (Eos). It requires a large amount of plant biomass, often generating unexploited residues. This study examines the valorization of the residues of Lantana camara, an herbaceous plant widely used in traditional medicine in Côte d'Ivoire, by comparing the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the extracts before and after hydrodistillation. The phytochemical analysis, combining some colorimetric tests and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) showed the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, saponins and tannins in distilled extracts (ED) and undistilled extracts (END). The UDE were distinguished by a high total phenol content (200.22 4.06 mg EAG/gE). The evaluation of antibacterial activity revealed a noted bactericidal ability of ED and END against the Ivorian bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923, 680C/23 and 068/24) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) at minimum inhibition concentrations of 12.5 and 25 mg/ml, respectively.