Post-harvest application of brassinosteroids: A review of its effects on fruit quality, nutritional value and safety

Abstract

Post-harvest losses in fruits and vegetables are a significant global challenge, contributing to food insecurity and economic losses. Brassinosteroid is a class of plant hormones, have emerged as promising tools for improving post-harvest quality and extending shelf life. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the role of Brassinosteroid in post-harvest management, focusing on their ability to delay senescence, enhance stress tolerance, and maintain the quality of fruits and vegetables. The paper discusses the biosynthesis, signaling pathways, and physiological effects of Brassinosteroid, as well as their interactions with other phytohormones and stress responses. It also explores the application of Brassinosteroid in post-harvest treatments, including pre-harvest sprays, post-harvest dips, and nano-formulations. The review highlights recent advances in genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and omics approaches, which have expanded our understanding of Brassinosteroid-mediated mechanisms in post-harvest regulation. Despite their potential, challenges such as cost-effectiveness, stability, and environmental safety need to be addressed for the widespread adoption of Brassinosteroid in post-harvest management. The paper concludes with future research directions and the potential of Brassinosteroid in sustainable agriculture.