Exploring the efficacy of Citrus medica leaf extracts as a natural mosquito repellent: Implications for sustainable mosquito-borne disease control

Abstract

Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue, and Zika, remain significant global health challenges, especially in tropical regions. Conventional mosquito repellents and insecticides, while effective, often come with drawbacks, including toxicity, environmental hazards, and the development of resistance in mosquito populations. This review investigates the potential of Citrus medica leaf extracts as a natural and sustainable alternative for mosquito repellent and insecticidal applications. The bioactive compounds present in Citrus medica, such as essential oils, flavonoids, and alkaloids, exhibit proven repellent and toxic effects against mosquitoes. Various extraction methods and their effectiveness in disrupting mosquito behavior and physiology are critically analyzed. Evidence suggests that Citrus medica leaf extracts can provide an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution, aligning with the principles of sustainable vector management. This study underscores the need for further research to optimize formulations and integrate these natural repellents into global mosquito-borne disease control programs.