Some haematological and biochemical changes in albino rats in response to biopesticide used against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) on Vigna unguiculata (L.)

Abstract

This study investigates the hematological and biochemical impacts of formulated biopesticides from three plant species (Ocimum gratissimum, Vernonia amygdalina, and Gongronema latifolium) on albino rats, used in preserving Vigna unguiculata against Callosobruchus maculatus, a devastating field-to-store pest. Leaf extracts were obtained using distilled water and hexane, and then formulated into three synergistic combinations. Albino rats were divided into eight groups, including a control, and fed Vigna unguiculata samples treated with the biopesticide formulations and a synthetic insecticide (Deltamethrin). After 28 days, blood samples were analyzed for hematological and biochemical parameters. Results showed no significant increase in white blood cell count, but significant elevations in red blood cell count and packed cell volume in some biopesticide groups. No significant differences were observed in Liver enzymes, albumin, total protein, and globulin levels (p> 0.05). These findings suggest the potential of these biopesticides as natural, safe, and eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides.