Karafs (Apium graveolens Linn) An in-depth review of its historical context, therapeutic properties, ethno pharmacological applications, and scientific research

Abstract

Karafs (Apium graveolens L.), commonly known as celery, holds a prominent position in traditional herbal medicine, particularly in the Unani system, owing to its diverse therapeutic properties. This biennial plant, belonging to the Apiaceae family, has been utilized for centuries for its medicinal benefits. Karafs is recognized for its efficacy as an antimicrobial, antiparasitic, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infertility agent. Its seeds, leaves, and stems are extensively employed to address various ailments, supported by phytochemical and nutritional analyses revealing the presence of fatty acids, sesquiterpenes alcohol, essential oils, vitamin C, beta carotene, fat, protein, and minerals. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate Karafs's historical context, therapeutic properties, ethnopharmacological applications, and recent scientific research, highlighting its enduring significance in traditional and contemporary medicinal practices.