Elucidation of genetic variability and inter-relationship studies for seed yield and quality traits in advanced lines of Mustard spp.

Abstract

Mustard holds significant importance as an edible oil in the region, standing out for its low levels of saturated fats compared to other oil seeds in the brassica group. It occupies a considerable area of cultivation and not only provides oil but also serves as a leafy vegetable rich in minerals, antioxidants, and flavourful condiments. A study conducted during the 2016-17 rabi season examined 64 genotypes alongside six check varieties, using an Alpha lattice design with three replications to evaluate various yield-related traits. The results revealed considerable genetic and phenotypic variation among traits such as primary branches per plant, siliqua count per plant, and grain yield per plant. Notably, traits like siliqua count per plant demonstrated high heritability (>60%) and significant genetic advances (>20%), indicating a primarily additive gene action. Examination of trait associations identified positive and significant correlations between grain yield and several yield components including plant height, shoot length, primary branches per plant, and siliqua count per plant, suggesting opportunities for concurrent improvement. Path coefficient analysis emphasized the direct and influential role of siliqua count per plant on grain yield, with the correlation coefficient between these variables closely reflecting the direct effect. This discovery highlights the prominence of enhancing grain yield by selecting for increased siliqua count per plant.