Endocrine disrupting chemicals and their harmful effects in fish: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a major hazard to fish populations, with significant implications for aquatic environments and the well-being of humans. This comprehensive review investigates the adverse impacts of EDCs exposure on fish, concentrating on alterations in reproductive. Endocrine systems, intersex development, modifications to gamete efficacy, gonadosomatic index (GSI) variations, and possible consequences for populations of fish. The review synthesizes findings from laboratory and field studies to elucidate the mechanisms through which EDCs disrupt sexual behaviors in fish and discusses the implications for aquatic ecosystems.This review emphasizes the intricate relationship between EDCs and fish reproductive behaviors, underscoring the need for further investigation and legislative initiatives to limit the adverse effects of EDCs on fish reproduction and population structure.