Basis of antifungal resistance and it’s mitigation strategies

Abstract

Fungal infections are emerging now a days causing a wide spectrum of diseases in humans and animals mostly affecting patients with immunodeficiencies or chronic illness. As such now a days we can see that rise in fungal infection in patients suffering from Covid-19. It has become a measure challenge for clinicians to treat invasive fungal infections as there is only limited classes of antifungal agents are available. So this causes the over use of antifungal agents which gives opportunity to fungal pathogens to develop resistance. The main five types of antifungal use nowadays are mainly azoles, echinocandin, polyenes, alamines and pyrimidine analogues. These compounds mainly act through different mechanisms to show there fungicidal or fungistatic effect. In response to this, fungal pathogens have developedcertain mechanisms which enable them to escape or to overcome the effects of antifungals. Due to these mechanisms the resistance against this antifungal compounds as emerged worldwide.