Effect of shade on the diversity of termites (Isoptera) in different cocoa agroforestry systems in the Nawa region (Côte d’Ivoire)

Abstract

Termites are gradually being recognized as emerging pests and a major constraint to the sustainable production of cocoa in Côte d’Ivoire, the world’s leading cocoa producer. In order to develop environmentally compatible management strategies against the pest species, it is important to identify the termite species in these systems and have a better understanding of their functional diversity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of shade management on the diversity of termites in different cocoa growing systems in the Nawa area, one of the main cocoa producing areas in Côte d'Ivoire. The study also evaluated the effect of shade cover on termite damage to cocoa. Sampling was done using a modified standardized transect method, where termites were collected in 25 m x 2 m transects, placed in 30 m x 30 m quadrats. Termites sampled were identified and grouped according to feeding habits. Twenty-nine (29) termite species, in 17 genera and 7 subfamilies under 3 families were sampled. These termite species are distributed among the four feeding groups. Fungus-growers and wood-feeders were the most diversified. The intermediate shade systems were the least attacked by termites compared to the full sun system and shaded system. Shade therefore, seems to influence termite biodiversity and damage in cocoa agroforestry systems. We recommend awareness-raising and assistance from cocoa farmers on shade management and the choice of an appropriate cropping system such as an intermediate shade system that would reduce termite attacks, produce long term and preserve biodiversity.