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The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · 2021 · Vol. 128 · pp. 789–818

Stephen V. Faraone✉(FDI World Dental Federation)Tobias Banaschewski(Heidelberg University)David Coghill(The University of Melbourne)Yi Zheng(Capital Medical University)Joseph Biederman(Harvard University)Mark A. Bellgrove(Monash University)Jeffrey H. Newcorn(American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders)Martin Gignac(Montreal Children's Hospital)Nouf Mohammed Al SaudIris Manor(European Society of Cardiology)Luís Augusto Rohde(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul)Li Yang(Peking University)Samuele Cortese(University of Nottingham)Doron Almagor(Centre for Addiction and Mental Health)Mark A. Stein(Seattle Children's Hospital)Turki H. AlbattiHaya F. Al-Joudi(King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre)Mohammed M. J. Alqahtani(King Khalid University)Philip Asherson(King's College London)Lukoye Atwoli(Moi University)Sven Bölte(Stockholm Health Care Services)Jan K. Buitelaar(Radboud University Nijmegen)Cleo L. Crunelle(Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel)David Daley(The University of Melbourne)Søren Dalsgaard(Lundbeck Foundation)Manfred Döpfner(University Hospital Cologne)Stacey D. Espinet(Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance)Michael Fitzgerald(Trinity College Dublin)Barbara Franke(Radboud University Nijmegen)Manfred Gerlach(Universitätsklinikum Würzburg)Jan Haavik(Haukeland University Hospital)Catharina A. Hartman(University Medical Center Groningen)Cynthia M. Hartung(University of Wyoming)Stephen P. Hinshaw(University of California, San Francisco)Pieter J. Hoekstra(University Medical Center Groningen)Chris Hollis(NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-operative)Scott H. Kollins(Duke University)J. J. Sandra Kooij(Europeana Foundation)Jonna Kuntsi(King's College London)Henrik Larsson(Örebro University)Tingyu Li(Moi University)Jing Liu(Peking University)Eugene Merzon(Tel Aviv University)Gregory W. Mattingly(Washington University in St. Louis)Paulo Mattos(D’Or Institute for Research and Education)Suzanne McCarthy(University College Cork)Amori Yee Mikami(University of British Columbia)Brooke S. G. Molina(University of Pittsburgh)Joel T. Nigg(Oregon Health & Science University)Diane Purper‐Ouakil(Inserm)Olayinka Omigbodun(University College Hospital, Ibadan)Guilherme V. Polanczyk(Universidade de São Paulo)Yehuda Pollak(Hebrew University of Jerusalem)Alison Poulton(Nepean Hospital)Ravi Philip Rajkumar(Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research)Andrew RedingAndreas Reif(Goethe University Frankfurt)Katya Rubia(King's College London)Julia J. Rucklidge(University of Canterbury)Marcel Romanos(Universitätsklinikum Würzburg)Josep Antoni Ramos‐Quiroga(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)Arnt Schellekens(Radboud University Nijmegen)Anouk Scheres(Radboud University Nijmegen)Renata Schoeman(Cancer Association of South Africa)Julie B. Schweitzer(University of California, Davis)Henal Shah(Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital)Mary V. Solanto(Hofstra University)Edmund Sonuga‐Barke(King's College London)César A. Soutullo(The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston)Hans-Christoph Steinhausen(University of Southern Denmark)James M. Swanson(University of California, Irvine)Anita Thapar(Cardiff University)Gail Tripp(Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University)Geurt van de Glind(University of Applied Sciences Utrecht)Wim van den Brink(Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam)Saskia Van der Oord(The European Academy of Gynaecological Surgery)André Venter(University of the Free State)Benedetto Vitiello(Torino e-district)Susanne Walitza(University of Zurich)Yufeng Wang(Peking University)

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Abstract

Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Cognitive Abilities and TestingStatement (logic)PsychologyPsychiatryConsensus conferenceRussian federationPolitical scienceMedicineRegional scienceGeographyLaw