Qualitative phytochemical analysis of leaf extracts of Andrographis paniculata and its antibacterial activity on poultry pathogens

Abstract

The present work was undertaken to study the qualitative phytochemical analysis and testing of antibacterial activity of Andrographis paniculata aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts against poultry pathogens. The leaf extracts of Andrographis paniculata were screened qualitatively for fourteen phytochemicals of which aqueous extract was found positive for saponins, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins, glycosides and cardiac glycosides. Phenols, amino acids and protein, carbohydrates, phlobatannins, volatile oils and vitamin C were not detected. The ethanolic extract showed similar results to that of aqueous extract but glycosides could not be detected. Testing of antibacterial activity of the extracts on Muller Hinton agar plates showed 50 µL of aqueous leaf extract at 25 mg/ mL had maximum zone of inhibition (14mm) for Pasteurella sp. The activity of 50 µL of ethanolic leaf extract at 25 mg/ mL had maximum zone of inhibition for Pasteurella sp. (10mm) and Staphylococcus sp. (10mm) which is lower than the standard sensitive zone of inhibition and no zone of inhibition for other poultry pathogens such as E.coli, Salmonella sp. and Klebsiella sp.