Utilization of unconventional dietary energy source of local origin in aquaculture: Impact of replacement of dietary corn with tapioca on physical properties of extruded fish feed

Abstract

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of graded replacement of dietary corn with tapioca starch on the physical properties of extruded fish feeds. Five (5) isonitrogenous fish feeds of 28% crude protein were formulated utilizing locally available feed ingredients wherein tapioca starch replaced corn starch at 0% (D1–Control), 25% (D2), 50% (D3), 75% (D4) and 100% (D5). The proximate compositions of the ingredients were determined and the physical properties of different extruded fish feeds were investigated. The results showed that replacement of corn starch with tapioca starch had significant effects (p