Morphological, anatomical and phytochemical characterization of Neanotis montholonii (Hook. F.) W.H. Lewis

Abstract

Neanotis montholonii (Hook F.) W.H. Lewis belongs to family Rubiaceae. Neanotis genus has been represented by ca. 10 species in Maharashtra state. The morphological, anatomical and phytochemical characteristics are pivotal in diagnostics taxa at taxonomic level. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to identify alkaloids, saponins and tannin by using histochemical tests of root, stem and leaf. The organoleptic character and stomatal index (23/mm2 area) were also recorded that aid in identification. Phytochemical study revealed the presence of active ingredients like alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, anthroquinones, amino acids, protein, saponins, steroids and tannins in all the parts those were subjected for analysis except starch that was absent in root. Among all four solvents viz. chloroform, ethanol, acetone and aqueous extract, ethanol showed positive tests in all plant parts. Histochemical and phytochemical information reveled in the present study can be used for developing standard parameters for the proper authentication of raw materials of pharmaceutical importance. The literature review reported that this study is the first of its kind in the Neanotis montholonii which is endemic to Maharashatra.