Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation of leaves and barks extracts from Cola anomala (Schott and Endlicher)

Abstract

Cola is a tropical African genus that belongs to Sterculiaceae. The aim of this study is to investigate the preliminary phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial evaluation of the leaves and barks from C. anomala. The phytochemical identification of secondary metabolites in different extracts of the plant was focused on the classic methods of screening. The extraction of extract was carried out with maceration for 72 hours in ethanol-water (70:30 v/v) and the tannins by Gedir’s method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations were determined by micro dilution method by preparing the different dilutions of extract and tannins from leaves and barks of C. anomala on Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococuss aureus, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri; as bacterial strains. Ampicillin was taken as reference drug. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of catechin tannins, alkaloids, polyphenol compounds, saponosides and flavonoids. All extracts and tannins showed an inhibition against the strains. The Crude extract from barks was the most active with a minimal inhibitory concentration varied between 0.625 mg/ml to 1.25 mg/ml respectively against Staphylococcus aureus and the other strains (Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri, and Enterococcus faecalis). MBC values of extracts varied from 1.25 to 5 mg/ml. Overall, for all treated strains, tannic extracts showed bactericidal potential than crude extracts.