Physico-chemical composition of selected sunflower seed cultivars

Abstract

Sunflower is a major oilseed crop in India. However, its kernels are underutilized. An evaluation of sunflower kernels was undertaken to determine their suitability for table purpose. Three varieties of sunflower namely, KBSH 44, KBSH 41 and Confectionery-1 were evaluated. Nutrient composition and physico-chemical characteristics were analysed. Per 100g of sample moisture content ranged from 3.13 to 5.2g, protein 19.78 to 26.69g, crude fat 40.3 to 54.06g, energy value 555.8 to 624.43 K cal, carbohydrate content 14.72 to 27.36g, and crude fibre 2.86 to 4.30g. The groundnut seeds had higher protein, fat, fiber and energy value compared to sunflower kernels. Ash and minerals such as calcium, phosphorous, iron and zinc ranged from 2.34 to 3.92g, 60.79 to 84.59mg, 296.7 to 670.49mg, 3.31 to 4.76mg and 2.98 to 4.05mg respectively. The ash and micronutrients were found higher in sunflower seed kernels compared to groundnut. Total sugars and tannic acid content ranged between 2.36 to 3.04g and 30.91 to 44.16 mg respectively. Significant differences existed between the varieties for all nutrients. Percent free fatty acid and peroxide values were higher in groundnut and KBSH 41 respectively compared to rest. The solubility, swelling power, water and oil absorption capacities were highest in KBSH 44. The solubility, swelling power, water and oil absorption capacities were similar to groundnut. The physico-chemical composition of sunflower and groundnut oil samples differed significantly. Sunflower seed kernels had higher saponification and Iodine value compared to groundnut.