Antibacterial and antiplasmodial potentials of essential oils from two plants of Tangawisi products: Zingiber officinalis Roscoe and Monodora myristica (Gaertn) Dunal

Abstract

This work aimed to highlight antibacterial and antiplasmodial potentials of Zingiber officinalis and Monodora myristica essential oils. The extraction yields in essential oils were 1.28±0.05% for Z. officinalis rhizome and 1.52±0.14% for M. myristica seeds. Diameter of the inhibition zone formed as a result of Z. officinalis oil is 39.17±1.44 mm, 37.00±4.33 mm, 36.17±6.64 mm and 20.67±2.26 mm respectively for Salmonella sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus strains; for M. myristica oil, 11.00±1.00 mm, 7.83±2.75 mm, 7.67±1.53 mm and 6.00±0.00 mm; and for eugenol used as control, 18.5±1.32 mm, 18.83±1.04 mm, 18.50±0.5 mm and 20.17±3.25 mm. The MIC of Z. officinalis oil is 0.25% on Salmonella sp, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus strains and 0.5% on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain; the MIC of M. myristica oil is 0.1% on Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus strains, 0.25% on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain and 0.5% on Klebsiella pneumoniae strain and it is 0.05% for eugenol on all bacterial strains. The MBC of Z. officinalis oil is 0.5% on Staphylococcus aureus strain, 1% on Salmonella sp and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and higher than 3.5% on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain; the MBC of M. myristica oil is higher than 3.5% on all strains; for eugenol, the MBC is 0.1% on Staphylococcus aureus strain and 0.5% on Salmonella sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Z. officinalis oil has a bactericide action on Salmonella sp, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus strains and a bacteriostatic action on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain; M. myristica oil has a bacteriostatic action on all bacterial strains. Z. officinalis oil make total inhibit completely trophozoites up to the concentration less than 6.25I¼g.mL-1 while M. myristica oil make total inhibit completely trophozoites up to the concentration of 12.5I¼g.mL-1 and below this concentration, inhibition become partial.