Bioactive potentials of Ficus racemosa L. and Momordica charantia L. through brine shrimp lethality, insect dose-mortality and repellent activity tests

Abstract

Screening of Ficus racemosa (leaf and stem) and Momordica charantia (Stem) extracted in petroleum ether, CHCl3 and CH3OH were conducted through lethality against Brine shrimp Artemia salina L. nauplii, dose-mortality and repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.) adults. For Pet. ether extract of F. racemosa leaf and stem the lethality against A. salina nauplii were LC50 72.62, 38.78, 20.47 and 16.78ppm and 1802.91, 137.67, 57.14 and 27.33ppm for 12, 18, 24 and 30h of exposure respectively. For CHCl3 extract the were 218.67, 187.76, 38.96 and 15.20ppm and 191.94, 62.15, 39.85 and 23.84ppm respectively; while for the CH3OH extracts the LC50 values were -, 525.15, 107.71 and 41.67ppm and 47.83,41.42, 26.91 and 20.20ppm for 12, 18, 24 and 30h nof exposure respectively. For Pet. ether extract of M. charantia stem no mortality was recorded, however the CHCl3 and CH3OH of the same offered LC50 values 69.58, 25.00, 23.02 and 16.20ppm and 91.83, 28.15, 20.18 and 15.22ppm respectively for 12, 18, 24 and 30h of exposure respectively. For F. racemosa leaf and stem and M. charantia stem extracts of Pet.ehter and CH3OH extracts no insecticidal activity was recorded, while the CHCl3 extract gave mortality to the beetles of T. castaneum. The LD50 values for F. racemosa leaf and stem were 32.27, 4.14, 3.64, 3.34 and 3.05 and 7.57, 5.21, 3.84, 2.65 and 1.72mg cm-2 respectively after 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48h of exposure respectively; and for M. charantia stem these were 5.97, 4.99, 3.82, 3.09 and 2.89mg cm-2 respectively for the same exposure time. In repellent activity test, the CHCl3 leaf extracts of F. racemosa and the CHCl3 stem extracts of M. charantia found abstemiously repellent (P