The effectiveness of metronidazole gel based chitosan inhibits the growth of bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum (In vitro)

Abstract

Periodontal disease is usually associated with microbial infections caused by biofilms, plaque and calculus. Bacteria A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum is the dominant bacteria in periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effectiveness of chitosan hydrogel-based metronidazole gel in inhibiting the growth of bacteria A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum in vitro. Compounding the metronidazole gel 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% chitosan-based hydrogel and chitosan gel without metronidazole and testing antibacterial activity against bacteria A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum carried out in the Laboratory of Microbiology oral, Airlangga University, Surabaya. Samples of bacteria in pure culture of A. actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC29522), P. gingivalis (33 277) and F. nucleatum (ATCC25586) were bred in the Mueller Hinton Agar which were followed by putting paper disc on top of the media and each paper disc etched with the test material. Then each of the media was incubated on days 1, 2 and 3 in the anaerobic incubator and inhibition zone is measured by using a caliper. The mean diameter of inhibitory zone of all metronidazole gel against bacteria A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum are more than 22 mm which showed the presence of anti-bacterial activity is strong. Comparison of inhibitory effects of each concentration of metronidazole gel and chitosan gel without metronidazole against bacteria A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum showed a significant difference (p = 0.000). Metronidazole 2% chitosan-based hydrogels have the most powerful antibacterial activity because it shows the largest diameter of inhibition zone. Metronidazole-based chitosan hydrogel with the lowest concentration was 0.125% is also quite effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum.