Phytochemical screening and antibacterial properties from extract of Alchornea cordifolia rn(Schumach. &Thonn.) Müll. Arg.

Abstract

This study involved a survey on the use of extract of Alchornea cordifolia a medicinal plant used locally in Cameroon as traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases.The stems of Alchornea cordifolia has submitted for chemical screening by conventional techniques focusing on color reactions and chemical precipitation. The susceptibility testing was realized at Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli microbial strains. The macrodilution in liquid medium for 24 hours allowed evaluating its antibacterial activity on the Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Edwardsiella tarda, Pseudomonas spp, Serratia spp and Citrobacter two reference strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, alkaloids, polyphenols and cardiac glycosides. The best inhibitory activities were obtained with Escherichia coli at 3.125 mg/mL of MIC, with a ratio MIC/MBC of 2, and at 6.25 mg/mL of MBC; with a ratio MBC/MIC of 2. The minimal inhibitory, bactericidal concentration varies between 3.125 and 100 mg/mL. The present study revealed the antimicrobial potentials of hydroalcoholic extract of Alchornea cordifolia on eleven microbial strains. A thorough study would be desirable for development of new drugs in the future.