Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antibiofilm evaluation of Lagenaria siceraria fruit growing in Kurdistan RegionIraq

Abstract

Medicinal plants considered to be safe with low cost drugs to consumers and a source for developing new bioactive compounds. Dried fruit of Lagenaria siceraria was extracted, using ultrasonic method. Qualitatively evaluation was performed for the presence of natural products. In vitro antibacterial activity estimated, using agar well diffusion method, a 96-flat well microtiter plate was used to determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), while plate cultures conducted for determination of minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC).Biofilm formation was evaluated using crystal violet assay and measurement the optical density (OD630) by ELISA reader. A phytochemical investigation shows the presence of flavonoid, hydrolysable tannin, sterol, quinine, and phenols. Antibacterial activity was recorded for the organic fraction against Streptococcus pneumoniae at (MIC 2.5 mg/ml and MBC 5 mg/ml). Highest antibiofilm activity was shown for an organic fraction against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus for aqueous fraction. Generally, organic fraction of Lagenaria siceraria is more active than aqueous fraction according to antibacterial and antibiofilm activity view point.