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A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses

Journal of General Virology · 2005 · Vol. 86(10) · pp. 2661–2672

Anna Likos✉(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Scott A. Sammons(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Victoria A. Olson(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)A. Michael Frace(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Yu Li(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Melissa Olsen-Rasmussen(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Whitni Davidson(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Renee L. Galloway(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Marina L. Khristova(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Mary G. Reynolds(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Hui Zhao(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Darin S. Carroll(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Aaron T. Curns(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Pierre Formenty(World Health Organization)Joseph J. Esposito(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Russell L. Regnery(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Inger K. Damon(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

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Abstract

Human monkeypox was first recognized outside Africa in 2003 during an outbreak in the USA that was traced to imported monkeypox virus (MPXV)-infected West African rodents. Unlike the smallpox-like disease described in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; a Congo Basin country), disease in the USA appeared milder. Here, analyses compared clinical, laboratory and epidemiological features of confirmed human monkeypox case-patients, using data from outbreaks in the USA and the Congo Basin, and the results suggested that human disease pathogenicity was associated with the viral strain. Genomic sequencing of USA, Western and Central African MPXV isolates confirmed the existence of two MPXV clades. A comparison of open reading frames between MPXV clades permitted prediction of viral proteins that could cause the observed differences in human pathogenicity between these two clades. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis and clinical and epidemiological properties of MPXV can improve monkeypox prevention and control.

Poxvirus research and outbreaks Bacteriophages and microbial interactions Herpesvirus Infections and TreatmentsMonkeypoxVirologyOutbreakCladeBiologySmallpoxOrthopoxvirusPhylogeneticsVaccinationGene

MeSH terms

AnimalsDNA, ViralDNA, ViralMolecular Sequence DataMonkeypox virusMonkeypox virusPhylogenyPoxviridae InfectionsSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidOpen Reading FramesGenome, ViralSequence Homology, Amino AcidMpox, MonkeypoxMpox (monkeypox)