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Anti–N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in children and adolescents

Annals of Neurology · 2009 · Vol. 66(1) · pp. 11–18

Nicole R. Florance(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)Rebecca Davis(University of Pennsylvania)Christopher Wai Kei Lam(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)Christina L. Szperka(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)Lei Zhou(University of Pennsylvania)Saba Ahmad(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)Cynthia Campen(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)Heather E. Moss(University of Pennsylvania)Nadja G. Peter(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)Amy J. Gleichman(University of Pennsylvania)Carol Glaser(California Department of Public Health)David R. Lynch(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)Myrna R. Rosenfeld(University of Pennsylvania)Josep Dalmau✉(University of Pennsylvania)

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Abstract

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is increasingly recognized in children, comprising 40% of all cases. Younger patients are less likely to have tumors. Behavioral and speech problems, seizures, and abnormal movements are common early symptoms. The phenotype resembles that of the adults, although dysautonomia and hypoventilation are less frequent or severe in children. Ann Neurol 2009;66:11-18.

Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Polyomavirus and related diseasesOvarian TeratomaEncephalitisTeratomaMedicinePediatricsInternal medicineNMDA receptorSurgeryReceptorImmunology

MeSH terms

AdolescentAntibodiesCell Line, TransformedChildChild, PreschoolEncephalitisEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayPostural BalanceFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansImmunotherapyInfantMaleRetrospective Studies

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Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study