Hierarchically Porous ZnO Architectures for Gas Sensor Application

Abstract

Hierarchically three-dimensional (3D) porous ZnO architectures were synthesized by a template-free, economical hydrothermal method combined with subsequent calcination. First, a precursor of hierarchical basic zinc carbonate (BZC) nanostructures self-assembled by sheet-like blocks was prepared. Then calcination of the precursor produced hierarchically 3D porous ZnO architectures composed of interconnected ZnO nanosheets with high porosity resulting from the thermal decomposition of the precursor. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier tranform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric−differential thermalgravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller N2 adsorption−desorption analyses. Control experiments with variations in solvent and reaction time respectively revealed that ethanol was responsible for the formation of the BZC precursor, and the self-assembly of BZC nanosheets into hierarchically 3D architectures was highly dependent on the reaction time. Gas sensing tests showed that these hierarchically porous ZnO architectures were highly promising for gas sensor applications, as the gas diffusion and mass transportation in sensing materials were significantly enhanced by their unique structures. Moreover, it is believed that this solution-based approach can be extended to fabricate other porous metal oxide materials with a unique morphology or shape.