articleTop 1% cited
There are no Goldstone bosons in two dimensions
Communications in Mathematical Physics · 1973 · Vol. 31(4) · pp. 259–264
Sidney Coleman✉(Princeton University)
Cosmology and Gravitation TheoriesNoncommutative and Quantum Gravity TheoriesQuantum Electrodynamics and Casimir EffectGoldstone bosonBosonMassless particlePhysicsScalar (mathematics)Symmetry groupGlobal symmetryInvariant (physics)Spontaneous symmetry breakingVacuum expectation value
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There are no Goldstone bosons in two dimensions
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