Impact of climatic factors on numerical variation of Anopheles gambiae s.l. Giles 1902 population and prevalence of malaria in Foumban locality West Region of Cameroon

Abstract

Anopheles gambiae is the main vector of malaria disease in tropical regions. Climatic factors play an important role in Anopheles gambiea density and malaria transmission. This study aims to evaluate the impact of climatic factors in Anopheles gambiae population and malaria prevalence in Foumban Cameroon. Mosquitoes were collected randomly in selected quarters from April 2022 to March 2023. Mosquitoes were identified using morphological and PCR techniques. Climatic parameters were recorded from the meteorological station of Koundja in Foumban. The prevalence of malaria disease was recorded at the hospital of Foumban. The correlation of Pearson was used for data analysis. A total of 1563 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected with higher density recorded in April-June and lowest in December-February. The correlation between Anopheles gambiae density and atmospheric humidity, precipitation is positive while is negative with temperature and wind speed. The overall prevalence of malaria disease was 32.13%. The correlation is positive between Anopheles gambiae density and the malaria disease prevalence. Then climatic factors are associated with density variation of Anopheles gambiae population and impacting malaria disease transmission.