Substance abuse among school-going adolescents: Prevalence, risk factors, and prevention strategies - A systematic review

Abstract

Substance abuse among school-going adolescents has emerged as a major public health concern due to its increasing prevalence and long-term consequences on physical, psychological and social well-being. Adolescence is a critical developmental stage during which individuals are more likely to experiment with substances such as tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs. The present review aims to examine the prevalence, types of substances used, risk factors and health impacts associated with adolescent substance abuse, as well as school-based prevention strategies. Evidence from recent studies indicates that peer influence, family environment, socio-economic conditions and psychological stress are significant factors contributing to substance use among adolescents. Substance abuse during adolescence is associated with several adverse outcomes including poor academic performance, mental health problems and increased risk of addiction in later life. School-based educational programmes, life skills training and collaborative interventions involving families and communities play an important role in preventing substance abuse and promoting healthy behaviours among adolescents.