Role of Basti Chikitsa in Sandhigatavata: A review article

Abstract

Sandhigatavata is one of the most prevalent Vatavyadhi described in Ayurvedic classics and is clinically comparable to osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disorder characterized by pain, stiffness, swelling, and restricted movements. With increasing life expectancy, sedentary lifestyle, and dietary indiscretions, the incidence of Sandhigatavata is rising significantly. Ayurveda considers Vata Dosha as the prime factor in the pathogenesis of Sandhigatavata, leading to Dhatu Kshaya, particularly Asthi and Majja Dhatu, resulting in Sandhi Shoola, Shotha, and Hanti Sandhi (restricted joint movement). Among various treatment modalities, Basti Chikitsa is regarded as the prime therapy for Vata disorders (“Ardha Chikitsa” or even “Poorna Chikitsa” according to classical texts). Basti acts through Pakwashaya, the main seat of Vata, and helps in regulating aggravated Vata Dosha. Different types of Basti such as Anuvasana Basti, Niruha Basti, Yapana Basti, and Matra Basti play a crucial role in alleviating pain, improving joint mobility, nourishing Asthi Dhatu, and preventing further degeneration. The therapeutic action of Basti can be understood through its systemic absorption, modulation of Dosha-Dhatu balance, anti-inflammatory effect, and Rasayana properties. This review article aims to explore the classical references, mode of action, types, indications, and clinical importance of Basti Chikitsa in the management of Sandhigatavata, along with its probable correlation to modern concepts of osteoarthritis. The study highlights that Basti therapy not only provides symptomatic relief but also addresses the root cause by correcting Vata imbalance and improving joint nutrition, making it a safe and effective modality in degenerative joint disorders.