Cutting-Edge biotechnological methods for plant disease control: A review of advanced techniques

Abstract

Plant biotechnology helps in plant disease management in many ways, such as meristem culture which helps in developing virus-free plants and genetic modification of living organisms and their multiplication through novel technologies such as genetic engineering and tissue culture. Tissue culture in conjunction with genetic engineering is helping in inserting genes and also helpful in producing transgenic plants and disease-resistant plants. The integration of genetic engineering and tissue culture techniques enables the development of plants with enhanced resistance to specific pathogens. These advanced methods allow for the precise insertion of genes that confer disease resistance, potentially reducing the need for chemical pesticides. Furthermore, the ability to rapidly propagate disease-resistant plants through tissue culture can accelerate the widespread adoption of these improved varieties in agricultural systems. CRISPR-Cas technology, known for its precision as molecular scissors, has achieved significant success in laboratory settings, while gene pyramiding is enhancing the durability of resistant genes. The use of molecular markers for resistant breeding, transgenic plants to resist the attack of pathogens, and resistant gene enrichment sequencing are also discussed. This review explores various biotechnological approaches including RNAi-based strategies, the application of molecular markers in resistance breeding, and the concept of gene pyramiding for achieving broad-spectrum disease resistance. It emphasizes how these technologies offer more precise, efficient, and environmentally friendly solutions compared to traditional methods, while also acknowledging the need for continued research and careful consideration of ecological and societal impacts in ensuring global food security.