Evaluation of the neuro-modulatory potential of odontogenic derived mesenchymal stem cells - conditioned medium against cuprizone-induced multiple sclerosis in mice

Abstract

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are a major cause of global morbidity and mortality and are characterized by demyelination, axonal damage, and neuronal death mainly caused by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. In multiple sclerosis (MS), immune cell infiltration and chronic inflammatory responses disrupt the blood-brain barrier and exacerbate neurodegeneration. Odontogenic mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium(OMSC-CM) is a cell-free therapeutic approach that supports neuronal survival and tissue regeneration, making it a promising strategy for treating neuroinflammatory conditions such as MS. Aim: To evaluate the neuromodulatory and immunoregulatory potential of odontogenic-derived mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium in a cuprizone-induced MS model in C57BL/6J mice by estimating catalase(CAT) activity, interleukin-6(IL-6), and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP). Materials and Methods: Thirty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 equal groups control, MS model, and odontogenic-derived mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium. MS induction was done by cuprizone in diet and confirmed by motor clinical assessment, body weight measurement, and histopathological examination. GFAP and IL-6 were measured using ELISA, while catalase activity was determined by a colorimetric method. Results: The group treated by odontogenic-derived mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium showed significantly reduced GFAP and IL-6 levels and increased catalase activity compared with the MS model group.