Computational approaches to mizaj assessment in unani medicine: A narrative review and future directions

Abstract

Background: Unani medicine, a Greco-Arabic traditional system, places central importance on Mizaj (temperament) assessment for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The Ajnas-e-Ashra (ten determinants) provide a comprehensive framework for temperament classification, but traditional assessment remains subjective and practitioner-dependent. Objective: This narrative review synthesizes existing computational approaches to Mizaj assessment, identifies gaps in current methodologies, critically evaluates study quality, and proposes future directions for integrating Unani concepts with modern artificial intelligence techniques. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for articles published 2000-2025 using terms related to